298 FEATURES OF FRENCH NATIONAL FOREST ADMINISTRATION 



Stumps must be cut with an axe in coppice fellings so that water cannot gather on the 

 stump to cause rot, and in high forests the stumps must be sawed or chopped level with 

 the ground. Where the stumps are removed the holes must be filled up. 



Surface of the ground. — Debris must be removed or burned as directed and cord- 

 wood stacked as the cutting proceeds. Areas occupied by buildings must be leveled 

 and reforested. 



Damage to regeneration and to the stand. — Trees so designated must be topped and 

 limbed before feUing and must be thrown up hill so as to cause the least possible damage. 

 In coppice stands old stumps and weed growth must be cut level with the ground. 

 Peeling of timber while standing is not allowed nor can debris or wood be left or piled 

 on regeneration or against standing timber, nor can standing timber be damaged in 

 any way. 



Penallies. — If reserved trees are damaged or destroyed by the exploitation they 

 can be replaced by similar trees marked for cutting, or the purchaser may be required 

 to pay cash at the rate of 3 cents to 9 cents per inch of circumference for standards, 

 or 3 cents to 11 cents for high forest trees, but the timber so paid for remains the property 

 of the State or commune. 



Seasons of cutting. — Cutting must be completed by April 1 and corded by June 1 ; 

 logging by April 15, except for trees peeled, which must be cut by July 1 and corded 

 by July 15. Necessary extensions of time may, for a nominal charge, be granted. 



Protection of forest bettermerUs. — Roads must be maintained and kept free from 

 debris and manufactured products, and all damage to any forest betterment must be 

 repaired or paid for. 



Protection of cwUing area. — Buildings or betterments made necessary by the sale 

 must be built only on approval of the forest officers, and spark arresters are always 

 required on smokestacks, the piu-chasers being held responsible for damage. 



Logging restrictions. — Hauling must be over designated roads and timber cannot 

 be skidded on roads, roUed or sUd down slopes, nor should logs or squared timbers be 

 skidded on the felling areas. 



Miscellaneous provisions. — Three days before the check of the felling area pur- 

 chasers must place stakes near all trees felled to facilitate inspection, the "A. F.," 

 imprint must show upon all stumps or roots. 



Foreign labor. — Only a specified percentage of foreign labor can be employed on 

 government sales. 



In imit of product sales the same rules apply and in addition the product must be 

 piled by the price classes agreed upon when a joint scale is made; removal is only after 

 specific authorization. In case wood is removed illegally, double the stumpage price 

 can be levied and in addition punitive damages assessed. Extensions of time for logging 

 costs 1.6 per cent the purchase price of the material not logged for each ten days. 



Supplemental to these general rules each conservation issues special 

 clauses or modifies general rules which cannot be applied locally. For 

 example, in the ninth conservation, which includes the fir and spruce 

 forests of the Vosges, the use of the saw is authorized for cutting coppice 

 when the stump measures more than 59 inches in circumference. Con- 

 tractors are not obliged to top and cut the branches from designated 

 trees before felling if they are willing to pay all damage for trees injured 

 in any way. FeUing of cordwood may take place at any time during 

 the year and for any species in the inspection of Saint Di6, Fraize, Sen- 

 ones, and Remiremont, and in these districts the time for the removal 



