(iEXirs TESTArKLLA. 5 



Thuy ;ive iKjctuviuil aiiiiii;ils, iisiialljr ruiiiaiiiiiiL;- liciieatli tlio siirlace uf the 

 suil (luring the day, pruleniiig tliu licli, wull-iiiaiiiirfd lamls in wliirli tliL'ir 

 prey is plentiful, and iu this cduutry, ari-nrdiug to Mr. K. J. Lnwo, a.ie 

 lijuud froin sea level up to an altitude (jf "(30 feet, and althiniyh reachiug a 

 greater altitude in France, yet Fischer records that they do not attain an 

 altitude of 3,-250 feet iu Auvergne. Althougli usually living only a few 

 inches below the snrface, they vary the de[ith in a,(;cnrdance with the mois- 

 ture of the ground and tlie ciiuse(|uent nidtions (_if the earthworms, hut also 

 come forth at nightfall when the earthwurms also emerge from their bur- 

 r(jws ; the \voi'ni when seized by the Ti'stm-i'l/a instantly retracts itself 

 wdthiu its tunnel by the aid of its circlets of liristles, dragging with it the 

 Tcst<W(dlu, which attenuates itself sulhci(.uitly to allow this to be done. 



The saturation ot the ground due tri the ra,ins so prevalent in s[(ring and 

 late autuum is very prejudicial to the Ti'Mnn-Jhr, diiviug tbem from their 

 subterranean retreats to the surfi.ce, where they seek to hide during the 

 day beneath stones, ruljliish, or in other places frecpiented liy worms. 



In cold and dry weather, and when preparing for hijiernation, they retire 

 deeply into the earth, contracting their Ijodies and enveloping their hinder 

 extremity within the extended mantle, ensconcing themselves eacli within a 

 small and hrm earth-chamlier, whicli is cemented together l.iy their colour- 

 less and somewhat viscid mucus, and is smooth and glistening inside, but 

 externally bears some rcsendjlauce to the cocoon of a- "puss" moth. 



Enemies. — According tij the testimony of i\lr. .Miller and Miss i\Iar- 

 sliall, earthworms will destroy young Ti'Mjici-lUr, anil i\lrs. Falloon infjrnrs 

 me that a very small wirewform also preys u[ion tliem. 



Geographical Distribution. -7r.v;'(/a'//fi' is entirely a western })ahe- 

 arctic group, and the distribution of the cijustitnent s}iei;ics is strikingly iu 

 harmony with the relative simplicity or complexity of the internal structure 

 of the animal, the more primitive of the si)ecics being conhned to the 

 vicinity of the "western sealioard, while the more highly organized firms have 

 a more eastern range. The genus is rephn/ed in eastern and soutb-ea.stei'u 

 Europe and the westei'n Asiatic region by Ddinlchurdld, a group (jt preda- 

 cious snails wdth close al+inities to Te^tdceUa. 



The so-called West Indian Te^fuci'lhc are more properly referi'cd to ()nn(' 

 loinj.r, a genus oi Succ/iieirJn', in which the shell has undergone a somewhat 

 parallel course of degeneration. 



Geological History. — Fossil species (jf TeMnvelhi have lieen recorded 

 from variiurs localities in the Miildle and Upjier ]\Ii(X'ene, the Pli(jcenc, 

 Pleistocene, and Holoceno strata of continental Euniiie. 



KlG. \j.— r. Diaii^^a LleMHiniiLj .i w. 



