TESTACELLA SCUTULUM. 17 



seems to be merely an abnormal specimen found fossil at Vendome in the 

 department of Loir-et-Cher, described by its author as diifering from all its 

 congeners by its solid and Hat auriculate shell and thickened margins. 



Variation. — This species, which has been misunderstood almost from the 

 time of its discovery, and whose specific characters are even yet not univers- 

 ally appreciated, has in its various forms been described again and again as 

 new by different authors, and although Gassies & Fischer and Moquin- 

 Tandon expressly allude to T. scutulum, it is not at all clear that they had 

 the true T. scutulum before them. 



In this country T. scutulmn is moderately constant in the form of its 

 shell and the colour of its body, but abroad this consistency of type is not 

 so fully maintained, if the allocation, as suggested by Simroth, of campanyoi 

 and otlier forms to the scutulum series be correct. 



VARIATIONS IN FORM OF SHELL. 



Var. pecchiolii Bourg., Rev. et Mag. ZooL, 1861, p. 517. 



Animal yellowish, with a multitude of minute greyisli dots 

 on the back ; lateral furrows separate at tlieir origin at the peri- 

 pallial fjroove. 



Shell, narrower and more elongate; columella not trun- 

 cate and less arcuate ; apex rather pointed and more detached. 

 Length, 6 mill. ; breadth, .3j mill. 



Testacella pecrlnnlii is the T. hnlinlidrn of the older Italian 

 authors, and is e.ssentially an Italian form ; most of the Italian Fjg. 28. — Testa- 



records of T. haliotidea are possibly more properly referred to this "^'s(iftertcmsf' 

 variety. 



Italy — Found in the garden of Signer Vecchioli, at Settignano, near Florence; 

 also at Pisa, IJologna, and Rome. It is met witli in Venetia and Lonibardy ; also 

 on the slope.s of Monte Cuccia, near Palermo, in Sicily, and the Isle of Ustiea 

 (Bourg., Gen. Test., 1862, p. 61). Apuan Alps, in Tuscany (Stefani, Boll. Soc. Mai. 

 Ital., 187-5). 



Var. major G. & P., Monog. Testacelle, 1856, p. 46, pi. 2, f 



Testacella. bisulcaia var. major G. & F., op. cit.. p. 46. 

 TestacellafischerianaSamf., Rev. et Mag. Zool., Dec. 1861, 

 pi. 13, ff. 6-7. , . , ^ 



Animal Larger and darker coloured than the typical form, 

 with a sharply-delined yellow foot-fringe. 



Shell larger and more oval, broadest at its posterior third, 

 anterior end rounded; columella more arcuate and scarcely 

 truncate. Length, 6 mill. ; breadth, 4.} mill. 



Algeria— Environs of Philippeville and Constantine (Bourg. , ^^^ ^g _ Testa- 

 Mal. Alger., 1864, 'p. 60). Not common on the glacis of the „^^^ ' hisukata v^ir. 

 fortifications of Bab-Azoun and Bab-el-Oued (Lallemant, Ann. S. major x 3, G & F 

 Mai. Belg., 1868, p. 5). Environs of Alger (Lallemant, Moll, (after G.iss. & F.sch.). 



Alger, 1881, p. 2). variations in colour of animal. 



Var. albina G. & R, Monog. Testacelle, 1S56, p. 46. 



Testacella, Hsulcata var. albina G. & F., op. cit., p. i6. 

 Testacella scutuluju V3.x. pallula Cockerel!, Sci. Goss., I880, p. lla. 



Anim.\l yellowisli or whitish. 



Middlesex-Chiswick, 188.5 ! T. D. A. Cockerell. Hampstead lane, Highgate ! 

 Feriuc Park road, and Weston Park, Hornsey ! H. Walks Kew. 



Lancashire S.— Cuerden Hall, Preston, Jan. 1893 ! W. H. Heatheote. 

 ^ York Mid W.— Dr. Eddison's garden, Adel, Leeds, Nov. 1896 ! H. Crowther. 



Leicestershire -Bel voir Castle gardens, Jan. 1888 ! W. Ingrani. 



Louth-Piperstown, near Drogheda, Feb. 1890 ! Miss Sidney Smith. 



Algeria— Constantine (Gass. & Fisch., op. cit.). 



Var. aurea Cockerell, Sc. Goss., 1885, p. 225. 



Animal orange-coloured with brown mottlings ; foot-sole bright orange. 



Middlesex-Chiswick, 1885 ! T. D. A. Cockerell. 

 Sussex W.— Horsham, 1902 ! E. D. Daibishire. 



11/6,02 "^ 



