LIMAX CINEREO-NIGER. 61 



The sub-var. hedleyi has the keel and mid-line pale or yellowish-brown, slightly 

 'interrupted anteriorly, the sides of the body chocolate-blaok, the ventral edges of 

 the mantle dirty-white with irregular sepia dashes. 



Warwick— Sub-var. bictuosn, Sutton Park, July 1899 ! H. Overton. 



Glamorgan— Sub-var. htctuosa, Bridgend, Jnly 1891 ! G. K. Gude. 



.Stafford— Sub-var. Itichwsa, Shelbrook, Cannock Chase, June 1886 ! L. E. Adams. 



York N. E.— Sub-var. luctuosa, Wass Bank, Hambletoii escarpment, 800 feet 

 altitude, Sept. 1892 ! and Mill Beck, Robin Hood's Bay, June 1888! W.D.R. 



York S.W.— Sub-var. luctuosa, Skelnianthorpe, May 1897 ! F. Lawton. 



York Mid W.— Sub-var. luctuosa, Shipley Glen, Oct. 1883 ! W. AVest. 



York N.W.— Sub var. luctuosa. Helm Ghyll, Dentdale, May 1899 ! J. E. Crowther. 



Cheshire— Sub-var. luctuosa, Goyt Valley, Sept. 1902! C. Oldham. 



Edinburgh— Sub-var. luctuosa, Roslin Woods, April 1898 ! W. Evans. 



Derry— Sub-var. hedleyi, RathmuUan and Wahvorth, J. N. Milne (Collino-e J 

 of Mai., 1894, p. 51, and 1895, p. 4). 



Germany— Siib- var. luctuosa, Alsace (Meyer, Nachtbl., 1876, p. 106). Specimens 

 in British Museum, labelled Heidelberg, Baden, J. E. Daniels. 



France— Snb- var. luctuosa in the Vosges, the Jura, and Dauphin6 (Bourguiguat, 

 Mai. Grande-Chartreuse, 1862, p. 32) ; Grande-Chartreuse in the Isfere (Moquin- 

 Tandon, op. eit. ). The sub-var. nuhigena in the high mountains near the zone of 

 pines, especially in the Forest of Superbagnferes, Hautes Pyrenees (Bourg., op. cit.). 

 The sub-var. intermedia, communal forest of St. Saulge, Nifevre (Brevifere, op. cit.). 



Switzerland — Sub-var. luctuosa. Canton Valaia (Simon & Bottger, Nachtbl 

 1885, p. 55). 



Italy— This, the typical form, is found in the Alps of Lombardy and Piedmont, 

 descending also to the valleys ; it reaches its highest known habitat in Lombardy on 

 Mont Cenis, at an elevation of 2,000 metres (about 6,555 feet) ; it was also found at 

 Lmnbrate, Milan, by Bettoni. It has been recorded from Val della Uora Riparia, 

 from Rivoli, from the Hills of Turin, and from between Calasca and Pestarena in the 

 Val Anzasca in Piedmont ; and from Vallombrosa, Tuscany. The sub-var. camerani 

 is found in Piedmont at Maceugnaga, Val Anzasca, at an altitude of 1,323 metres 

 (about 4,340 feet). The sub-var. luctuosa at Alagna in Val Sesia, Maceugnaga in 

 Val Anzasca, Rivoli, and on the Hill of Turin (Le.ssona & Pollonera, op. cit.). 



Austro-Hungary — Sub-var. luctuosa, Carlsbad (Bottger, Nachtbl., 1885, p. 56). 



Spain — The sub-var. nubigena is found on the verge of perpetual snow on Mala- 

 detta, near the Cirque of the Rencluze in Catalonia (Bourguignat, op. cit.) ; and in 

 the Valle del Essera in Aragon (Fagot, Mai. Catal., 1884). 



Sweden — Sub-var. intermedia, Ringerige, July 1868 (Malm, op. cit., p. 88). 



Russia — Sub-var. razoumowslcii at Konotop, Borozdna, and Nejin, in Tchernigov 

 (Kaleniczenko, op. cit.). 



Var. maupa Held, Isis, 1836, p. 271. 



Limax maximus ^ nig-e*- Moquin-Tandon, Hist, Moll. France, 1855, ii., p. 29. 



Lifjiax maurus Held, in Isis, 1836, p. 271. 



Limax lineatus var. niger Dum. & Mortil., Moll. Savoie, 1857, p. 13. 



Limax cinereo-niger var. 5 Stabile, Moll. Piemonte, 186i, p. 22, pi. 1, f. 2. 



Limax cinereo-niger var. nigripes Stabile, Moll. Piemonte, 1864. 



Limax cinereo-niger var. vialacologorum Colbeau, Bull. Soc. Mai. Belg., 1867, p- 73. 



Limax cinereo-niger var. niger Malm, Skand. Limac, 1868, p. 60, pi. 5, f. 12. 



Limax ater Razoumowsky, Hist. Nat. Jorat, 1789, p. 266-67. 



Limax cinereus var. alpinus Held, in Isis, 1837, p. 306. 



Li7nax lineatus var. albipes Dum. & Monil., Moll. Savoie, 1857, p. 13, 



Limax engadinensis Heyn., Mai. BL, 1862, p. 20i. 



Limax maximus var. leucogaster March, Syn. Moll. Danise, 1864. 



Limax montanus Leydig, Verhandl. Wurtt., 1871, p. 210. 



Limax pironcE Pini, Moll. Esino, 1876, p. 36, pi. b, fF. 5, 6. 



Animal entirely Llack or blackish. Formula (321 123). 



The form discriminated by Razoumowsky as Limax ater, as well as L. maxi- 

 mus var. leueogastep Morch, L. einereus var. alpinus Held, L. engadinensis 

 Heyn., L. lineata var. albipes Dum. ik Mortil., L. montanus Leydig, and L. 

 pironse Pini, may be regarded as sub-varieties of the var. mawa, in Avhich the 

 dark pigmentation still presents a juvenile or primibive character, as it lias not yet, 

 or only partially, spread to the side areas of the sole. 



This variety is essentially alpine, and more especially characteristic of exposed, 

 elevated, or northern regions, its sombre colouring being probably a response to the 

 peculiarities of the environment ; several forms, however, retain one or more of the 

 external features of a remote ancestor. 



