PUTTING IN THE STARTERS 147 
use both top and bottom starters. The top starter is the full 
width of the section and lacks about half an inch of coming to 
the bottom. The bottom starter is about one-fourth inch in width. 
A wide starter at the bottom would fall over, while a small 
starter insures a well-finished section and that the comb will be 
attached at the bottom as well as at the top and sides. A small 
Fic, 75.—Method of putting in foundation with Pangburn fastener. 
space is left between the two, but this will be readily closed by 
the bees. 
Putting in the Starters.—Various devices have been offered 
for fastening the foundation in the sections. If split sections 
are used, four sections will be filled as mentioned previously, 
and no special device for fastening will be needed as the sections 
will hold it firmly. With the ordinary sections some plan must 
be used for slightly melting the edge of the starter that comes 
in contact with the wood so that it will stick. Anv supply 
dealer’s catalogue will describe several of these devices. A metal 
