PAPER CASES 241 
of-door wintered colonies as to discourage many advocates of 
outside wintering. This was an extraordinary winter with un- 
usually low temperatures and long periods between days warm 
enough for a flight. Investigation shows that a large per cent 
of the loss in this unusual season was due to poor stores and 
careless preparation for winter. The two preceding winters 
had been so favorable that many bee-keepers were inclined to 
Fia. 109.—Paper winter cases are at best scant protection, but are good for cellar-wintered 
bees after they are placed on the summer stands, 
take the risk rather than go to the trouble of careful preparation. 
The losses have not been without compensation, for the result 
will not be soon forgotten, and the bees will receive better atten- 
tion at the proper time for years to come. 
Outdoor wintering is very successful in the hands of some 
of the most successful and extensive honey producers. In fact 
a few have practised no other method for many years and get 
uniformly good results. With outdoor wintering it is very 
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