15(3 



Animal Castration 



Anatomy — In order to spay mares satisfactorily it is essential 

 that a general idea of the anatomy of vulva, vagina, uterus and 

 ovaries be possessed. Lack of space here forbids going into minute 

 detail. However, the more important points will have attention. 



Vulva — The vulva is the external opening of the genital and 

 urinarv tracts. It is an ovoid slit situated in the perineal region 



Fig. 131 — View of Internal Genitals. A, Rectum; B, Vagina; C, Uterus; D, D, Cornua; 

 E, E, Ovaries; F, F, Broad Ligaments; G, G, Abdominal Walls. 



below the anis, and consists of two lips and two commissures. The 

 space between the vulva below and the anis above is the perineum. 

 In a depression on its floor (Fossa Navicularis) lies the clitoris. 



