158 Animal Castration 



the womb. This cervix is round, hard and thick. In its center 

 is a tube like opening (Fissure). The cornua spring laterally 

 from the anterior extremity of the uterus and pass upwards and 

 forwards, and to these the suspensory ligaments are attached. At 

 their summit the fallopian tubes enter. The uterus has three open- 

 ings, viz : Ostium Internum leading through the cervix, and the 

 Ostium Uterinum at the end of each horn. 



Fallopian Tubes — These are prolongations of the uterus and 

 are for the purpose of conveying the ovum from the ovaries to the 

 uterus. They are 10 to 12 inches long and extend from the ovaries 

 above to the cornua below. At the upper outlet of the fallopian 

 tubes is the fimbriated extremity, which is funnel-shaped and re- 

 ceives the ovum direct from the ovary. 



Ovaries — The ovaries are bean-shaped and weigh from 1 to 3 

 ounces. They are situated in the sublumbar region of the ab- 

 dominal cavity about 4 to 5 inches behind each kidney. They 

 hang about 2 to 3 inches to each side of center of vertebral column. 

 They are attached above in the sublumbar region by the anterior 

 part of the broad ligament. In old animals the ovaries are usually 

 hard and fibrous. However, cysts are by no means uncommon. 

 The ovarian artery supplies nutrition to the ovary. 



Warning — The rectum must be empty, otherwise it is liable to 

 injury from point of knife when thrust through vaginal roof. In 

 making incision be sure and press the cervix downwards and for- 

 wards with spaying speculum. Tins is done in order to get site 

 of incision away from rectal wall. 



Sterilization of Instruments and Cleansing Operator's Hands 

 — The instruments should be boiled for 15 to 20 minutes, after 

 which place them in Lysol of Cresol Compound U. S. P., in the 

 strength of one tablespoonful to each quart of water. The oper- 

 ator's hands should be thoroughly washed with tincture green 

 soap, using scrub brush, after which wash them in above men- 

 tioned antiseptic solution. 



Operative Technique — 1. With right hand lubricated with 

 carbolized olive oil, carry the spaying speculum (Fij?s. 133 and 

 131) into the vagina, and insert its tip into the cervix (neck of 

 womb). 



