156 XXIV. TILIACEiE. [rrkm/etta. 



deeply divided into 8 or 5 lobes, nearly glabrous above, more tomentose under- 

 neath. Peduncles short, few-flovs^ered. Sepals 4 or 5 lines long, with small 

 pointed appendages. Ovary hirsute and papillose, 3 or 4-celled, each cell again 

 divided into 2. Fruit globular, about -^in. diameter, glabrous or villous, covered 

 with hard conical prickles ; endocarp hard, divided into 6 or 8 one-seeded cells. — 

 Guillem. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Par. ser. '2, vii. 865 ; Hook and Arn. Bot. Beech. 60. 



Hab.: Maritime sands, Cape York, Northumberland Islands, Fitzroy Island, Frankland 

 Islands, Howick Islands. 



The species is found in several islands of the Eastern Archipelago, and the Pacific, where the 

 leaves are usually entire or not very deeply 3-lobed ; Cunningham's specimens agree very well 

 with these, in all the others (generally far advanced) the leaves are deeply 3 or 5-lobed, with 

 glabrous fruits. — Bentli. 



2. T. Winneckeana (after M. Winnecke), F. r. M. in Appetwl. to Mr. 

 Winnecke's R:vplo. Diary, 1888. Leaves roundish or verging into an oval form, 

 denticulated and somewhat crisp at the margins, velvet-hairy on both sides. 

 Sepals narrow, dorsally terminated by a minute conical appendage. Petals downy 

 towards the base. Stamens numerous. Ovary 3-celled. Fruit large, on a 

 slender stalklet, almost globular, indehiscent, thinly tomentose, copiously beset 

 by long, spreading, bristle-like, hooked prickles, the latter nearly glabrous at the 

 summit. 



Hab.: Inland southern border. 



Allied to T. leptacantha, but the fruits are much larger and not glabrous. — F. i . Mueller, I.e. 



3. T. rhomboidea (rhomboid), Jac(j., DC. Fmd. i. 507. Chinese Burr. A 

 small shrub, glabrous or pubescent. Leaves polymorphous, ovate-rhomboid or 

 cordate, 3 to 7-nerved, the apex acute or somewhat 5-lobed, serrate, variable in 

 amount and quality of pubescence. Flowers about Jin. diameter, yellow, in 

 small dense cymes. Pedicels short. Flower-buds oblong, club-shaped, apiculate. 

 Sepals oblong, apiculate. Petals oblong, ciliate at the base. Stamens 8 to 15. 

 Capsule globose, the size of a small pea, albido-tomentose between the spines ; 

 spines hooked, glabrous or ciliated, 8 to 5-valved. — Masters in Fl. of Brit. Ind. 

 and Trop. Afr. 



Hab.: Cairns, Townsville, Cooktown, &c., where it has probably been introduced by the 

 Chinese. 



This pest, in one or other of its many forms, is found in India, Ceylon (ascending to 4000ft. 

 in the Himalaya), Malay Islands, China, Tropical Africa, and West Indies. 



4. T. pilosa (hairy), Roth.: F. r. M. Frar/m. iv. 28. Plant herbaceous, bristly, 

 bristles bulbous at the base. Upper leaves 3 to 4in. long, 2^in. broad, ovate or 

 ovate-lanceolate, lower ones 3-lobed, stellate-hairy on both sides ; petioles hairy, 

 about fin. long. Stipules subulate-aristate, shorter than the petiole. Peduncles 

 shorter than the petioles. Flowers yellow, fin. diameter. Sepals linear, apiculate. 

 Petals oblong-spathulate, scarcely shorter than the sepals, ciliate at the base. 

 Stamens about 10 or more. Fruit globose, tomentose, covered with long hooked 

 spines which are glabrous along the upper, hispid along the lower edge, 5-celled, 

 cells 2-seeded. 



Hab.: Mount Elliott, E. Fitzalan. 



5. T. nigricans (blackish), Bail. Plant erect, 2 to 8ft. in height, clothed 

 in most parts with short stellate hairs all round the stem and branches, but 

 frequently more dense on one side than on the other ; very dense on the back of 

 the leaves. Branches nearly terete, stipules rather persistent, narrow, 4 lines 

 long. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, palmately 3 to 5-nerved, 2^ to 3-^in. long, 1^ to 

 2Jin. broad, coarsely serrate. Petioles slender, 1 to l|in. long. Flowers yellow, 

 solitary, or few in a pedunculate umbel. Bracts filiform, 2 lines long. Pedicels 



