XXIX. EUTACEiE. I8l 



Order XXIX. RUTACE>E. 



Flowers regular and hermaphrodite, or very rarely unisexual. Calyx usually 

 small, 4 or 5-lobed, or divided into as many distinct imbricate sepals, rarely large, 

 or with fewer or more numerous or valvate lobes. Petals of the same number as 

 sepals, free or rarely cohering, hypogynous or slightly perigynous, imbricate or 

 valvate in the bud. Stamens usually free, either equal in number to the petals 

 'and alternate with them, or double the number, or rarely more numerous, when 

 twice as many as petals the sepaline ones (those opposite the sepals) usually 

 longer than the others. Anthers usually versatile, with 2 parallel cells opening 

 longitudinally, the connective occasionally tipped by a gland or projecting 

 appendage. Torus usually more or less thickened into an entire crenate or lobed 

 disk, within the stamens, under or round the ovary. Gynoecium of 4 or 5, rarely 

 more or fewer carpels, more or less united into a single lobed or entire ovary, or 

 rarely quite distinct, with one cell to each carpel. Styles as many as carpels, 

 either free at the base but united upwards, or united from the base ; stigma 

 terminal, entire or lobed. Ovules usually 2 in each cell, superposed or rarely 

 collateral or solitary, or more than 2 ; the micropyle superior. Fruit separating 

 into 2-valved or rarely indehiscent cocci, or the carpels united in an indehiscent 

 berry or drupe, or rarely in a loculicidally dehiscent capsule, the endccarp 

 frequently separating from the pericarp. Seeds usually solitary in each cell ; 

 testa crustaceous and often shining, or rarely coriaceous or membranaceous ; 

 albumen fleshy or none. Embryo straight or curved, large in proportion to the 

 seed ; cotyledons flat or rarely folded ; radicle superior.- — Trees or shrubs, very 

 rarely herbs, marked with glandular pellucid dots on the leaves and other thin 

 herbaceous parts. Indumentum usually stellate, if any. Leaves opposite or 

 alternate, simple or compound, entire or rarely toothed or lobed. Stipules none. 

 Flowers axillary or terminal, solitary, clustered, eymose, or paniculate, very 

 rarely racemose and seldom if ever spicate. 



A large Order, ranging over the hotter and temperate regions of the whole World, but chiefly 

 abundant within the tropics, in South Africa and in Australia. Among the Australian genera, 

 the large tribe of Boroniem is entirely endemic, with the exception of one New Zealand and one 

 New Caledonian species. The monotypie genera, Bosistoa, Medicosvia, and Pentaceras, and the 

 small genus Geijera, are also endemic. Melicope extends to the Pacific Islands, and the 

 remaining genera range over tropical Asia, three of them extending into Africa. Zanthoxylum 

 alone, a wide-spread tropical genus, is common to America and Australia, and even here the 

 Australian species belong to the exclusively Australasian section Blaeliburnia. — Benth. 



Difficult as it is to distinguish Rutacea by well-marked floral or carpological characters from 

 Geraniacece, ZygophyUece, or Simarubece, they are so readily known by their dotted exstipulate 

 leaves, that the ambiguous genera are remarkably few. They have usually been distributed into 

 3 or 4 Orders, Rutacece (including or not Biosmea;), Zanthoxylem, and Aurantiece, upon characters 

 which break down upon a close scrutiny ; the Toddalieie being much nearer to the Aurantieas 

 than to the Zanthoxyleee proper, which again have only vague differences to distinguish them 

 from Boroniem. We therefore, in our " Genera Plantarum," proposed the union of the whole into 

 1 Order, divided into 2 series, according as the ovary is lobed or entire, and subdivided into 7 

 tribes, of which 4 only are Australian. — Benth. 



Tribe I. Boronieae. — Shrubs, very rarely arborescent. Leaves simple, 3-foliolate or rarely 

 pinnate, with opposite small leaflets. Ovary lobed. Fruit separating into distinct, 2-valved cocci. 

 Endocarp separating elastically. Seeds albrtminmis. Embryo usually terete. 



(The tribe differs from the S. African Diosmece chiefly in the presence of albumen.— SctiS/i.) 



Leaves opposite (except in one Zieria) simple or compound. 



Petals 4, united or connivent in a cylindrical or campanulate corolla, 



Leaves petiolate, simple .... ■ . . 8. Coerea. 



Petals 4, free, spreading. 



Stamens 4, inserted on 4 prominent glands or lobes of the disk .... 1, Ziehia. 

 Stamens 8. Disk without prominent glands (excepting B. tetrandra) . 2. Boeonia. 

 Leaves alternate, simple. 

 Flowers distinct or in sessile, erect heads. 



Petals free. Stamens twice as many, monadelphous. 



Stamens all perfect C. Philoteeca. 



