XL. SAPINDACE^. 286 



Orher XL. SAPINDACEiE. 



Flowers usually polygamous. Sepals 4 or 5, free or united in a small tootshed 

 or lobed calyx, imbricate or rarely valvate in the bud. Petals as many as sepals, 

 or 1 fewer, sometimes minute or wanting, frequently bearing a scale inside. Disk 

 various, in some genera unilateral, rarely wanting. Stamens 8, rarely fewer or 

 more, inserted round the ovary within the disk (except in a few genera not 

 Australian), sometimes unilateral ; anthers versatile or erect. Ovary entire or 

 lobed, 1 to 4-celled, most frequently 3-celled. Style simple, with a single stigma, 

 or more or less divided. Ovules 1, 2, or rarely more in each cell, ascending, or 

 rarely horizontal, with the micropyle inferior. Fruit dry or succulent, dehiscent 

 or indehiseent, entire or separating into cocci. Seeds, with or without an arillus, 

 without albumen (except in a few genera not Australian). Embryo usually thick, 

 frequently folded or spiral, the cotyledons usually unequal, collateral or super- 

 posed ; radicle short, turned downwards or reascending towards the hilum. — 

 Trees, shrubs, or rarely almost herbaceous, often climbers (especially in genera 

 not Australian). Leaves alternate (or in genera not Australian opposite), usually 

 compound, pinnate with (or more frequently without) a terminal odd one, the 

 leaflets often irregularly alternate, rarely decompound ; 3-foliolate or simple. 

 Flowers usually small. 



Sapindacece are abundant -within the tropics, both in the New and in the Old World, more 

 rare in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, and those, chiefly of the genera - 

 ^sculus, Acer, and their allies, unrepresented, except by one, in Australia ; there are very few 

 also in southern extratropical Africa or America. — Benth. (in part). 



The majority of Sapindacete are readily known by the disk outside, not inside, the stamens, 

 and by the 8 stamens in a 5-merous flower, with a 3-merous gynceeium ; but all these characters 

 have exceptions, which renders the technical limitation of the Order difficult, although really 

 doubtful genera are very few. The position of the micropyle appears to be constant, but often 

 difiicult to observe. The arboreous genera with pinnate leaves, often numerous in species, 

 especially in tropical Asia, may require considerable modification as to their characters, and 

 probably some reduction, when those proposed by Blume come to be better known as well as to 

 flower as fruit. — Benth. 



Thxbe I. Sapindeae. — Stamens inserted inside the disk, sometimes ninlateral. Seeds 

 exalbwminous. Leaves exstipulate, alternate, m- rarely opposite. 

 Flowers irregular, either 1 petal fewer than the sepals, or the stamens or 

 disk unilateral, and ovary excentrical. 

 One ovule in each cell of the ovary. 

 Herbaceous or half -herbaceous climber with biternate leaflets.. Capsule 



inflated, membranous 1- Cardiospermum. 



Trees with pinnate leaves. Petals 1 fewer than sepals. 

 Calyx valvately 5-lobed. Capsule locuKcidally 3-valved .... '2. Diploglottis. 

 Petals 5. Disk complete, deeply 5-lobed. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1- 



ovulate. Fruit irregularly dehiscent 3. Castahospoka. 



Shrubs or trees, with 1 or 3 digitate leaflets. Sepals 4, broadly 

 imbricate. Petals 4 or none. Fruit of 1 or 2 indehiseent lobes . 4. Schmidelia. 

 Flowers regular. Disk annular or none. Stamens all round the ovary. 

 One ovule in each cell of the ovary. Trees or tall shrubs. Leaves 

 pinnate (except Heterodendron and sometimes in Atalaya). 

 Capsule looulicidally 3-valved. 



Sepals distinct, broadly imbricate 5. Cupania. 



Calyx small, toothed, or the lobes valvate or slightly imbricate . . 6. Eatonia. 



Fruit separating into winged samaras 7. Atalava. 



Fruit divided into indehiseent or 2-valved lobes or irregularly 

 loculioidal, the valves not separating from the axis. 

 Leaves pinnate. 



Sepals broadly imbricate in 2 rows. Petals usually exserted. 



Fruit lobes smooth, indehiseent 8. Sapindus. 



Calyx-teeth or lobes valvate or slightly imbricate. Petals very 

 small or none. Fruit-lobes smooth (in Australia), indehiseent 



or 2-valved • 9, Nephelicm. 



Calyx-segments imbricate. Petals very small or none. Fruit- 

 lobes tuberculate or muricate, indehiseent 10. Euphoria, 



