CAIUS 81 



The bloodhound was in Caius' day regularly employed 

 in tracking cattle-lifters. Hector Boece (1527) says : — 

 " the samin ar richt frequent and rife on the bordouris of 

 Ingland and Scotland." 



The gasehound or gazehound has been supposed to 

 be an old English greyhound,^ which has perhaps dis- 

 appeared by the steady selection of improved varieties. 

 Caius tells us that it sought its prey by sight, not by 

 scent, that it was more used in the northern than in the 

 southern counties, and more in open country than in 

 woodlands ; lastly, that it was more often followed on 

 horseback than on foot. 



The lyemmer, timer, or lime-hound (Ft. limier) was a 

 dog led in a lyam, or leash. 



The tumbler, according to Caius, was known by 

 its trick of turning suddenly and seizing its prey in the 

 mouth of the burrow. He speaks of its artfulness in 

 giving no warning. The tumbler was smaller and 

 slenderer than the harrier, and had more erect ears. 

 Paulinus {Cynogra/phia curiosa, 1685) and Riedel 

 {Tabula generalis, 1780-4) identify the tumbler with 

 the dachshund. 



Of the water-spaniel Caius says that it had long, curly 

 hair, and was used to recover birds hit with the cross- 

 bow,^ or darts which had missed their mark. The water- 

 spaniel was known to Bewick, who gives a figure of it, 

 but has now been completely replaced by the retriever. 

 (See below.) 



The spaniel-gentle or comforter was distinguished 

 from the Maltese dog, which was very small. Sully used 

 to tell how he found the efieminate Valois, Henri III., 



^ Caius' Latin name for the gazehound, Vertragvs or Vertagua, survives in 

 the modern French vautre, a boar-hound. 



^ The Latin word is scorpio, which Fleming mistranslated venomous worm, u, 

 blunder which has been repeated in some recent books. 



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