RAY AND WILLUGHBY 109 



Black Tern is "Larus niger fidipes noster," They 

 followed the practice, then usual, of giving a name of 

 one word to what we now call a genus, or to a species 

 which stands alone in its genus, but a name of two or 

 more words to each of the species in a large genus. 



The following is a general view of the classification 

 of Birds adopted by Willughby and Ray. 



Land Fowl 

 Rapacious Diurnal (include shrikes and cuckoo). 

 Rapacious Nocturnal (include nightjar). 

 The Crow Kind. 

 The Woodpecker Kind (includes wryneck, nuthatch, creeper, 



hoopoe). 

 The Poultry Kind (includes the landrail). 

 The Pigeon Kind. 



The Thrush Kind (includes the starling). 

 Small Birds with slender bills. 

 Small Birds with thick bills. 



Water Fowl 

 Cloven-footed (Waders). 

 Birds of a middle nature between Swimmers and Waders 



(water-hen, coot, grebe). 

 Whole-footed (Web-footed). 



Some passages are next extracted, which either yield 



useful information, or illustrate Eay and Willughby's 



handling. 



Lapwing 



" It builds its nest on the ground, in the middle of 

 some field or heath, open and exposed to view, laying 

 only some few straws or bents under the eggs, that the 

 nest be not seen. The eyes [eggs] being so like in 

 colour to the ground on which they lie, it is not easy to 

 find them though they lie so open. The young, so soon 

 as they are hatcht, instantly forsake the nest, running 

 away, as the common tradition is, with the shell upon 



