348 LINN^US AND THE JUSSIEUS 



bestowed little attention upon the parts which occupy 

 the centre of a flower, rarely distinguishing the stamens 

 from the styles, but grouping all as capillamenta or 

 flocci. Pliny, as we have seen, distinguishes in one 

 place the pilum (some read JHum) from the stamens. 

 He also uses the word apex (hat, cap, diadem) for the 

 anther. Fuchs (1542) adopts Pliny's name of apices, 

 but calls both the anther-bearing filament and the style 

 stamens, according to ancient usage. Ray (1660) gives 

 anthers as another name for apices. The seventeenth 

 century name for stamens (attire) which is used by 

 Grew, &c. has not lasted. Linnseus (1736) has JUament 

 and anther. Pollen is perhaps first mentioned by 

 Valerius Cordus^ as a yellow dust with which the 

 anthers are besprinkled ; the dust of lily -anthers he 

 calls a fine powder of rusty colour (rubiginosus pulvius- 

 culus). Pollen is used by Pliny and other ancients as a 

 name for fine meal. 



Pistil, carpel, ovary, style and stigma. Bock (1552) 

 studied the large flower of the lily, and described its 

 parts. In the bilberry he names the pistil from its 

 resemblance to an apothecary's pestle, perhaps taking 

 the hint from Pliny (see above). ^ Jung and many of 

 his successors call the divisions of a pistil either pistils 

 or styles ; carpelles had come into use by 1819, the 

 date of De CandoUe's Theorie Elementaire, ed. 2. 

 Linnseus adopted or introduced the physiological division 

 of the pistil into ovary or germen, style and stigma. 



Supenor and inferior ovaries were distinguished by 

 Theophrastus, though of course he did not use these 

 words ; monoecious and dioecious were proposed by 



^In Gesner's volume of botanical treatises, 1561. 



"In his iVeto Kreiitterbuch (1546) Boek calls the pistil schwengelin (clapper), 

 or zdp/chen (pin or peg). 



