306 University of California Publications in Zoology. \y°^- ^ 



Vermivora peregrina 

 Vermivora celata celata 

 Vermivora c. lutescens 

 Vermivora c. sordida 

 Vermivora rubricapilla 

 Oporornis pMladelpMa 



Helinaia swainsoni 

 Helmitheros vermivorus 

 Vermivora virginiae 

 Vermivora luciae 

 Seiurus aurocapillus 

 Seiurus motacilla 

 Seiurus noveioracensis 



WAEBLEES WITHOUT WHITE MAEKINGS. 

 Of Intermediate Eange. 



Level of Nest, 

 ground 



ground 



ground 



2'-8' 



ground 



6'-20' 



Oporornis tolmiei 

 Wilsonia pusilla chryseola 

 Wilsonia canadensis 

 Setophaga ruticilla 

 Vendroica aestiva 



Level' of Nest. 



6"-4' 



3'-5' 



ground 



2'-30' 



3'-25' 



Or Lowest Eange. 



Oporornis formosa ground 



Oporornis agilis ground 



Geothlypis triehas ground 



Geothlypis t. occidentalis 6"-5' 



Icteria virens l'-5' 



Wilsonia pusilla ground 



ground 

 ground 

 ground 

 2'-6' 

 ground 

 ground 

 ground 



Of the fifty-seven warblers here treated, thirty-three have 

 well-defined white top-patterns. Of these, twenty are high 

 rangers, a number of them emphasizing their preference by 

 choosing , a nesting site at the extraordinary level of seventy, 

 eighty, or even ninety feet from the ground. 



It is a curious fact that a careful sifting of the recorded 

 observations discovers no unmarked warbler belonging properly 

 to the high feeding beats. A few, such as Vermivora celata, occur 

 at variable heights and may be seen in the tops of trees ; but these 

 usually nest low, upon or near the ground, and are usually 

 assigned an intermediate feeding beat. It seems to be true on 

 the whole that the plain "protectively colored" warblers are 

 unrepresented in the upper strata of our deciduous forests, that 

 they are common at the medium levels, and, as shown in the table, 

 belong mainly in the lower stratum, that of thickets, brush 

 areas, tangles about marshy places. Briefly put, the situation 

 among warblers seems to be: no plain plumages seen at the 

 highest levels. But the converse — no marked plumages at lowest 

 levels — is not strictly true. No arbitrary line is drawn. About 

 the same number of the marked and unmarked occupy the inter- 

 mediate feeding beats and nesting sites. It seems reasonable to 

 infer, however, from the results shown by this tabulation that 



