6 A FLORA OF MANILA 



With few minor exceptions the arrangement adopted is that of Engler 

 and Prantl's "Die Nattirlichen Pflanzenfamilien," while the nomenclature 

 is that of the Vienna Botanical Congress modified by the supplementary 

 list of nomina conservanda adopted by the Brussels Botanical Congress. 

 In addition to the accepted generic and specific name of each species, 

 important synonyms have been added, as well as selected native, Spanish, 

 and English names. Plate references have been added to the third edition 

 of Blanco's "Flora de Filipinas," copies of which are to be found in most 

 of the larger towns in the Archipelago. It has not been considered worth 

 while to add literature references under each species. 



The bibliography of Philippine botany is so extensive that it is impossible 

 more than to mention the more important local works bearing on the 

 subject. Blanco's "Flora de Filipinas," ed. 1 (1837), ed. 2 (1845), written 

 in Spanish, is long out of print, and obsolete in arrangement and no- 

 menclature; it contains the descriptions of about 1,150 species and varieties, 

 very many of them so imperfectly described that their status has not as 

 yet been determined with certainty. The sumptuous third edition of this 

 work (1877-1883) is in six large folio volumes, the first three consisting 

 of a reprint of the second edition with the addition of a Latin translation; 

 the fourth volume consists of several additional papers of little value to 

 the amateur in the determination of material, while the fifth and sixth 

 consist of a series of 481 colored plates. Although many of these, plates 

 are erroneously named, still they are of great value in the determination 

 of specimens, and references to them have been included in the present 

 work. Of Vidal's publications the one of chief value is Us "Siiiopsis de 

 familias y generos de plantas leiiosas de Filipinas" (18^), in which a 

 great many woody plants are figured. The most important recent works 

 on Philippine botany are to be found in the publications of the Bureau 

 of . Government Laboratories (1903-1905), the "Philippine Journal of 

 Science, Botany" (1906-1912), published by the Bureau of Science, and 

 Elmer's "Leaflets of Philippine Botany" (1906-1912). In the present work 

 references are included to the above publications where individual groups 

 have been treated systematically. For the determination of forest trees 

 the rnost valuable publication is Whitford's "Forests of the Philippines,"^' 

 the second part of which contains a consideration of the most important 

 timber trees found in the Archipelago with many illustrations. 



Under each family the approximate number of genera and species for 

 the entire world is given, and their general distribution, as well as the 

 number of each definitely known from the Philippines. For each species 

 both the Philippine and. extra-Philippine range is given. Indigenous 

 species are indicated by black faced type, while introduced or presumably 

 introduced ones are indicated byTight faced type; species introduced and 

 cultivated only, not having become naturalized are indicated "by "an 

 asterisk. 'The" time of flowering as given for the individual species will 

 apply "only to the vicinity of Manila, or possibly also to other regions in 

 the Archipelago having a similar annual ' distribution of I'ainf all ; the 

 flov/ering records are of necessity incomplete as it was found to be im- 

 possible to keep all the species under observation throughout an entire 

 year. 



No new species are described nor are any new combinations made, 

 xcent in the case of a few varieties, in the present work. The few 



Forestry Bureau (Philip.) Bull. 10 (1911). 



