34 A FLORA OF MANILA 



(i) C^Hf^ A. Monocotyledoneae 



.1. Flowers in the axils of scale-like, chaffy, usually imbricated bracts 

 (glumes). 

 2. Flowers perfect or 1-sexual; perianth none or of bristles or scales; 

 ovary 1-celled; grass-like herbs. 

 3. Sheaths split down one side; leaves 2-ranked; stems usually hollow; 



fruit a grain (caryopsis) .'13. Gramineae (p. 71) 



3. Sheaths with their margins united; leaves S^ranked; stems solid; 



fruit an achene. 14. Cyperaceae (p. 106) 



2. Flowers always 1-sexual, usually monoecious; in dense, globose to 

 'ovoid, solitary heads, the bracts thin; perianth segments 3 or 6; 



ovary 3-celled 19. Eriocaulaceae (p. 135) 



1. Flowers very minute, naked, in pouches on the surface of very small, 

 floating, scale-like, green plants, the perianth entirely wanting. 



17. Lemnaceae (p. 134) 

 1. Flowers on a usually fleshy spadix, perfect, or the females below and the 



males above, the whole surrounded by a protecting spathe. 



16. Araceae (p. 128) 



1. Flowers without glumes, not on a spadix; perianth present or absent; 



plants of various habit but never scale-like and floating. 



2. Perianth rudimentary, of bristles or scales, never corolla-like, or 



entirely wanting. 



3. Terrestrial shrubs or trees, or woody vines, with elongated, spirally 



arranged, spiny-toothed leaves 9. Pandanacehe (p. 66) 



3. Aquatic or marsh herbs. ' 



4. Marsh herbs with erect stems and long, narrow, erect leaves, the 



flowers in dense terminal spikes 8. Typhaceae (p. 65) 



4. Aquatic herbs, entirely submerged or some leaves floating on the 

 surface of the water. 

 5. Leaves «ntire; ovary of several distinct carpels; stigmas .disk- 

 like or cup-like. 10. Piftamogetonaceae (p. 67) 



5. Leaves slender, toothed; ovary of united carpels; stigmas 



slender 11. Najadaceae (p. 68) 



2. Perianth of two distinct series, the' inner series petal-like. 



8. Aquatic plants, mostly submerged 12. Hydrocha/ritaceae (p. 68) 



3. Terrestrial plants. 



4. Woody plants, mostly tree-like, sometimes' climbing, with large, 



*^ pinnate, bipinnate, or fan-like leaves 15. Palmae (p. 121) 



4. Herbaceous plants, or if woody, then with simple, narrow leaves. 

 5. Flowers regular or nearly so. 

 6. Endosperm mealy. 

 7. Ovary superior. 

 .8. Ovary 1-celled; rush-like slender hei-bs, the flowers in 

 small, dense, long-peduncled, bracteate spikes. 



18. Xyridaceae (p. 135) 

 8. Ovary 2- or 3-celled. 



9. Flowers 1-sexual, monoecious, very small, in dense, 



long-peduncled,. bracteate, globose to ovoid heads. 



19. Eriocaulaceae (p. 135) 

 9. Flowers perfect. 



10. Calyx and corWla very different; stamens free. 



IS-'Commelinaeeae (p. 137) 



