TYPHACEAE 65 



Leaflets about 5 mm wide, strongly revolute, pubescent on the lower surface. 



1. C. revoluta 

 Leaflets about 1 cm wide, flat or nearly so, entirely glabrous. 



2. C. circinalia 

 *1. C. REVOLUTA Thunb. 



Trunk stout, cylindric, marked with prominent scars, simple, with us 

 usually not exceeding 1 m in height. Leaves very numerous, crowded, 

 spreading, 0.5 to 1.5 m long, the leaflets very numerous, close, linear, 

 sharply and slenderly acuminate, those in the middle up to 18 cm long, 

 about 5 mm wide, toward the base gradually shorter, the . basal few 

 reduced to sharp spines, coriaceous, revolute, glabrous on the upper sur- 

 face, pubescent beneath. 



Commonly cultivated in Manila and in some of the larger towns in the 

 Philippines, rarely or never flowering here. A native of China and Japan, 

 now cultivated in many other countries. 



2. C. circinalis L. Pitogo (Tag.); Oliva (Sp.-Fil.), 



Trunk stout, with us rather short, but in some regions said to attain a 

 height of 12 m, and up to 50 cm or more in diameter, usually unbranched. 

 Leaves 1.5 to 2.5 m long, crowded at the apex of the trunk, the leaflets 

 20 to 30 cm long, about 1 cm wide, flat or nearly so, glabroiis and shining, 

 falcate, 45 'to 90 or more on each side of the midrib, sharply and slenderly 

 acuminte, the lower ones reduced to spines. Male cones terminal, elongated- 

 cylindric to ovoid-cylindric, up to 60 cm in length. Carpellary leaves 

 numerous, about 30 cm long, densely rusty-tomentose, fimbriate-pectinate 

 at the apex, acuminate.' Fruit ovoid to ellipsoid, 3 to 5 cm long. 



Occasionally cultivated, fl. May; widely distributed in the Philippines. 

 Tropical Asia to Japan, southward to New Guinea and Polynesia. 



The Gyinnospermae are represented" in the Philippines by the following 

 additional families : Pinaceae, Taxaceae, and Gnetaceae, and all are treated 

 by Foxworthy under the title "Philippine Gymnosperms" Philip. Joum. 

 Sci. 6 (1911) Bot. 145-177. The Pinaceae is represented in Manila by 

 immature, introduced and cultivated species of the genera Cryptomeria and 

 Araucaria, and by rare specimens of Cupressus, the latter locally known 

 as cipres. 



Class IL ANGIOSPERMAE: Ovules borne in closed ovaries, the stigma 

 always present. 



Subclass I. MONOCOTYLEDONEAE : Plants producing seeds with but a 

 single cotyledon. 



8. TYPHACEAE (Cat-tail Family) 



Perennial erect marsh herbs with simple, erect, linear, entire leaves 

 which sheath the base of the stem. Flowers small, densely crowded in 

 long cylindric spikes, often intermixed with capillary bracteoles with 

 dilated tips, the male flowers superposed above the female ones. Perianth 

 of capillary hairs or none in the male flowers. Stamens 1 or more. 

 Ovary very small, on a long capillary stip^, narrowed into a capillary 

 style. Fruit very minute> Uie pericarp membranaceous, indehiscent or 

 splitting laterally. 



A single genus, in most wftrm and tropical countries. 



111565 6 



