106 A FLORA OF MANILA 



Occasionally cultivated in Manila for ornamental purposes, introduced, 

 ■ native country uncertain, but probably China or Japan. The flowers of this 

 variety are unknown; it is well characterized by its yellow stems. 



•3. B. BLUMEANA Schultes f. Cauayan, Cauayan totoo (Tag.). 



Stems 10 to 20 m high, 8 to 10 cm in diameter, the basal parts sur- 

 rounded by stiff, branched, interlaced, spiny branches. Leaves 10 to 20 

 cm long, 1 to 2 cm wide. Panicles large. Spikelets slender, compressed, 

 2 to 3 cm long. (Fl. Filip. pi. 100, B. arundinacea.) 



Very common in our area, and widely distributed throughout the settled 

 regions of the Philippines, the common building bamboo of the Archi- 

 pelago, rarely flowering; probably of prehistoric introduction. Malay Pen- 

 insula and Archipelago. 



44. SCHIZOSTACHYUM Nees 



Erect or climbing bamboos, the stems with thin or thick walls. Leaves 

 narrow or broad, petioled. Inflorescence paniculate, the branches bearing 

 scattered or close heads of sessile flowers, or the spikelets rarely scattered 

 along the branches. Spikelets slender, usually fascicled; empty glumes 

 1 to 3, narrow, usually mucronate; flowering glumes 1 or 2, jointed below, 

 convolute, elongated. Stamens 6, the filaments free. Fruit ovoid, beaked, 

 crustaceous or hard. (Greek "split" and "spike.") 



Species about 30, India to Polynesia, 11 in the Philippines. 



1. 8. toppingli Gamble. 



An erect, tmarmed, loosely tufted bamboo, the stems up to 2.5 cm in 

 diameter and from 3 to 5 m or more high, the sheaths hairy. Leaves 

 various, on young plants up to 40 cm long and 4.5 cm wide, on the branches 

 crowded, much smaller, and often 10 to 20 cm long and 1 to 2 cm wide, 

 the sheaths ciliate at the mouth. Spikelets crowded in subglobose, scattered 

 or close, heads, on the spike-like branches of the panicle, glabrous, fertile 

 and imperfect oiies mixed. Empty glumes 2 or 3, 2 to 4 mm long, 7- to 

 9-nerved, mucronate. Flowering glumes 5 mm long, 9-nerved, mucronate. 

 Fruit globose, glabrous, about 6 mm in diameter, the glumes persistent. 



In ravities opposite Guadalupe, not found in flower here, but flowering 

 near Montalban in July. Known only from Luzon. 



14. CYPERACEAE (Sedge or Balangot Family) 



Grass-like plants with usually 3-ranked leaves and solid, cylindric or 

 3-angled stems, the sheaths closed, sometimes leafless. Flowers perfect or 

 1-sexual, small, in th"6 axils of the scales (glumes) of the spikes or spikelets, 

 these solitary or in panicles, heads, umbels, racemes, spikes, or fascicles. 

 Perianth none or of hypogynous bristles or scales. Stamens 1 to 3. Ovary 

 1-celled; style short, or slender and elongated, 2- or 3-cleft. Fruit a small, 

 compressed, 3-angled, cylindric, or' globose nut. 



Genera about 75, species more than 3,000, in all parts of the world, 25 

 genera and about 150 species in the Philippines. 



1. Spikelets of few or many glumes, the first 1 or 2 always empty, the 

 uppermost male or empty, the intermediate ones with perfect flOW^rs. 

 2. Flowering glumes many, distichously arranged. 

 8. Style 2-fid. 



