VERBENACEAE 397 



1. Inflorescence spicate, the lower flpwers opening first, spikes solitary or 

 cymosely panicled. 

 2. Trees or shrubs of muddy seashores with small, densely arranged 

 flowers and rather large capsular fruits, the valves thick, leathery. 



1. Avic6nnia 



2. Prickly aromatic shrubs with fleshy fruits 2. Lantana 



2. Prostrate spreading herbs with dense short spikes..' 3. LAppia 



2. Erect branched herbs with much-elongated, slender spikes of blue 



flowers 4. Staehytarpheta 



1. Inflorescence racemose, the lower flowers opening first. 



2. Ovary 8-celled; calyx not enlarged; fruit fleshy 5. Duranta 



2. Ovary' 2-celled; calyx lobes elongated, spreading and persistent in 



fruit; fruit a capsule, included in the calyx-tube 6. Petraea 



1. Inflorescence cymose or panicled, not spicate or racemose. 

 2. Flowers in 6- to 9-flowered involucrate heads, the heads in terminal 



panicles „ 7. Symphorema 



2. Flowers not involucrate. 



3. Corolla regular or subregular, not 2-lipped. 



4. Corolla 4-merous, regular; flowers small, in many-flowered axil- 

 lary cymes 8. CaUicarpa 



4. Corolla 5-merous, usually elongated, often large and showy, in 



terminal, rarely axillary, cymose panicles 9. Clerodendron 



3. Corolla 2-lipped. 



4. Flowers small, in our species greenish, white, or blue., 



5. Ijeaves 3- to 5-foliolate;. flowers blue 10. Vitex 



6. Leaves simple; flowers greenish or white 11. Premna 



4. Flowers large, yellow, subtended by large bracts^ in narrow, sub- 

 racemose, panicled cymes 12. Gmelina 



1. AVrCENNrA Linnaeus 



Shrubs or trees of the mangrove swamps or along tidal streams. Leaves 

 opposite, coriaceous, entire, pale. Inflorescence terminal or in the upper 

 axils, of contracted peduncled cymes or heads, or these sometimes arranged 

 in a trichotomous corymb. Flowers small. Calyx S-parted^ the segments, 

 imbricate. Corolla-tube short, the limb spreading, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, 

 inserted on the corolla-throat. Ovary imperfectly 4-celled, 4-ovuled, the 

 ovules pendulous. Fruit a somewhat fleshy capsule, dehiscing by 2 thiek 

 valves, 1-seeded. (Latin form of Abu Ben Sina, a celebrated Arabian 

 physician.) 



Species 3, tropical seashores of both hemispheres, 1 or 2 in the Phil- 

 ippines. 



1. A. officinaiis L. Apiapi, Bungalon, Pipisic (Tag.). 



A shrub or tree reaching a height of 8 m, often flowering when less 

 than 1 m high. Leaves oblong-obovate to elliptic, apex obtuse or rounded, 

 base narrowed, acute, coriaceous, 4 to 10 cm long, the upper surface shining, 

 the lower white or pale-grayish. Flowers yellow, densely crowded, the 

 few-flowered heads 1 cm in diameter or less, the heads peduncled, solitary 

 to cymosely arranged. Corolla about 5 mm long, pubescent or nearly 

 glabrous. Capsule ovoid, pointed, pubescent, up to 2.5 cm in length. (EL 

 Pilip. pi 73.) 



Along tidal streams, common, fl. Apr.-Aug.; throughout the Philippines 

 along the seashore. East Africa to tropical Asia through Malaya to New 

 Zealand and Polynesia. 



