462 A FLORA OF MANILA 



133. CAMPANULACEAE (BLUEBELL FAMILY) 



Herbaceous plants, sometimes climljing, often with milky juice. Leaves 

 alternate or opposite, entire or toothed. Flowers axillary or terminal, 

 solitary, spicate, or racemose. Calyx-limb 4- to 6-parted, usually persistent. 

 Corolla regular or irregular, tubular, campanulate, or rotate. Stamens 4 

 to 6, alternating with the lobes, inserted on the corolla-tube or on the 

 margin of an epigynous disk; anthers free or united in a tube. Ovary in- 

 ferior,'2- to 5-celled, many-ovuled. Friiit capsular, dry or berry-like. Seeds 

 small, numerous. 



Genera 13, species over 200, in all parts of the world, 8 genera anji 10 

 species, in the Philippines. 



Flow'ers very small, in dense, terminal, cylindric spikes 1. SphenocUa 



Flowers large, axillary, solitary, the corolla-tube up to 10 cm in length; 

 cultivated only 2. leotoma 



1. SPHENOCLEA Gaertner 



An annual, erect, branched, glabrous herb. Leaves alternate, entire, 

 lanceolate. Flowers in dense, lateral and terminal, ovoid- to oblong-cylin- 

 dric spikes. Flowers small, bracteate and 2-bracteolate. Calyx limb 6-fid 

 Corolla epigynous, 6-lobed. Stamens 5, alternate with the corolla-segments. 

 Ovary 2-celled, at first inferior. Capsule one-half inferior, membrana- 

 ceous below, the upper part free, depressed, hard, circumsciss. Seeds small, 

 numerous. (Diminutive of Greek "wedge.") 



A monotypic genus. 



1. 8. zeylanfca Gaertn. 



An erect branched herb 20 to 60 cm high. Leaves lanceolate, shortly 

 petioled, 4 to 9 cm long, narrowed at both ends, blunt or acute. Spikes 

 green, dense, 1 to 4 cm long, 6 to 8 mm in diameter, ovoid- to oblong-cy- 

 lindric, apex acute. Calyx green, lobes somewhat enlarged in fruit. Co- 

 rolla white, globose-ovoid, about 2.5 mm long and wide. Capsule about 4 

 mm in diameter, the calyx-lobes inflexed over the apex. (Fl. Filip. pi, US.) 



In open places about mud-holes, in swamps, etc., fl. Dec-March; widely 

 distributed in the Philippines. Tropics generally. 



2. I SOTO MA Lindley 



Erect herbs with alternate, elongated, coarsely toothed or lobed leaves. 

 Flowers axillary, elongated. Calyx-tube adnate to the ovary, the limb 

 5-partite, the lobes linear to lanceolate. Corolla-tube cylindric, long, the 

 lobes 5, spreading. Stamens attached above the middle of the tube) the 

 filaments more or less connate, 2 of the anthers crowned with a broad 

 rigid or slender bristle, the 3 larger ones naked. Ovary inferior, 2-celled- 

 stigma shortly 2-lobed. Capsule ovoid, often oblique, loculicidally 2-valved 

 at the apex. Seeds many, small. (Greek "equal" and "a cutting" in 

 allusion to the equal corolla-lobes.) ' 



Species about 8, mostly in Australia, few in tropical America, 1 intro- 

 duced in the Philippines. 



*1. 1. LONGIPLOKA (Mill.) Presl. Estrella (Sp.-FiL). 



An erect, spreading, branched or simple, nearly glabrous or somewhat 

 hairy herb 20 to 50 cm high, the stems rather stout. Leaves 10 to 20 cm 

 long, alternate, sessile or subsessile, oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, nar- 



