466 A FLORA OF MANILA 



7. Paleae of the receptacle flat, narrow 19- Eclipta 



7. Paleae of the receptacle embracing the achenes. 

 8. Pappus of 2 to 4 thin, chaflfy, deciduous scales; coarse 

 erect, cultivated plants with very large heads. 



20. Helianthua 



8. Pappus none 21. Wedelia 



3. Pappus of 2 or 4 awns. 



4. Achenes long-beaked 22. Cosmos 



4. Achenes not beaked... _ 23. Bidens 



1. All the flowers ligulate, no tubular ones present; herbs with milky juice. 

 2. Leaves scattered along the stem, not rosulate. 



S. Achenes beaked 24. Laciuca 



3. Achenes not beaked 25. Sonchus 



2. Leaves all or mostly basal, rosulate 26. Crepia 



1. VERNON lA Schreber 



Erect herbs, woody vines, or trees. Leaves alternate, entire or toothed. 

 Heads terminal or axillary, cymose or panicled. Involucre as long as or 

 shorter than the flowers, the bracts in many series, the outer ones shorter. 

 Flowers all perfect, the corollas all equal, tubular, slender, 6-lobed. Achenes 

 striate, ribbed or angled; pappus hairs numerous. (In honor of W. Vernon, 

 an early English botanist.) 



Species more than 400, chiefly tropical, about 12 in the Philippines. 



Heads about 8 mm in diameter. 1. V. patula 



Heads about 2.5 mm in diameter 2. V. cinerea 



1. V. PATDLA (Ait) Merr. (V. ehinensis Less.). Bulac-manoc (Tag.). 

 An annual, erect, rather stout herb with spreading branches, 1 m high 



or less, more or less ashy-puberulent. Leaves sessile or petioled, ovate 

 to elliptic-lanceolate, 2 to 12 cm long, shallowly toothed. Heads 40- to 

 70-flowered, ovoid, peduncled, in leafy panicles, scattered Or in pairs, about 

 1 cm long, 8 mm in diameter, the involucral bracts green, the flowers 

 pale-purple. 



In open waste places, occasional, fl. Sept.-Apr., widely distributed in the 

 Philippines and undoubtedly an introduced plant here. India to southern 

 China and Malaya. 



2. V. CINEREA (L.) Less. 



An erect, slender, sparingly branched, somewhat pubescent, annual herb 

 20 to 80 cm high. Leaves petioled, oblanceolate to obovate, acute or ob- 

 tuse, shallowly toothed, 2 to 6 cm long. Heads small, peduncled, in open, 

 lax corymbs, about 7 mm long, 2.5 mm in diameter, the flowers rather 

 bright-purple, about 20 in each head, twice as long as the involucral 

 bracts. (PI. Filip. pi. S80.) 



In open waste places, common, fl. all the year; throughout the Philip- 

 pines, but certainly introduced. Tropical Africa and Asia through Malaya 

 to Australia. 



2. EUPATORIUM Linnaeus 



Perennial herbs or undershrubs with opposite or alternate leaves. Heads 

 corymbose, many-flowered, homogamous, the involucre long or short, of 

 few* to many-seriate subequal bracts, or the outer bracts shorter; recep- 



