COMPOSITAE 467 



tade naked. Corollas all equal, regular, tubular, slender, 5-lobed or toothed. 

 Anthers appendaged, the base obtuse. Style-arms long. Achenes truncate, 

 6-angled or 5-ribbed; pappus-hairs in one series, many, rigid, scabrid. 

 (Dedicated to Eupator Mithridajtes, who is said to have used the European 

 species in medicine.) 



Species more than 400, chiefly American, 4 or 5 in the Philippines, the 

 following introduced and cultivated. 



*1. E. TRiPLiNERVE Vahl (E. ayapana Vent.). Ayapana (Sp.-Fil.). 



A glabrous perennial herb, the stems suflfrutescent at the base, ascending. 

 Leaves opposite, lanceolate, triplinerved, narrowed at both ends, acute or 

 acuminate, distantly denticulate or nearly entire, 5 to 8 cm long. Corymbs 

 lax, the heads many, pedicelled, about 20-flowered, the involucral bracts 

 in about one series, with some shorter outer ones, linear, acuminate, unequal, 

 somewhat puberulent. 



Occasionally cultivated, Pasay, said to flower in January. A native of 

 tropical America, now widely distributed in the tropics, cultivated and 

 spontaneous. 



3. AGERATUM Linnaeus 



Erect, branched, pubescent herbs. Leaves opposite or the upper ones 

 alternate. Heads white or pale-blue, corymbose or panicled. Involucre of 

 2 or 3 series of linear, subequal bracts. Corollas all tubular, regular, 5- 

 deft. Achenes 5-angled; pappus of 5, short, free or connate scales. (A 

 name used by Dioscorides for the everlastings.) 



Species about 16, all American, 1 now in all tropical countries. 



1. A. CONYZOIDES L. Bulac-manoc (Tag.). 



An annual, erect, branched, somewhat aromatic, hispidly hairy, slender, 

 rather stout herb 30 to 60 cm high. Leaves ovate, crenate, acute, 5 to 13 

 cm long. Heads small, in rather dense terminal corymbs, about 5 mm 

 long and thick, the bracts green, acute or acuminate. Flowers numerous, 

 white or very pale-blue. Achenes black, the pappus of 5 awned scales, 

 often serrate below. (Fl. Filip. pi. 368.) 



A common weed in waste places, fl. all the year; throughout the Philip- 

 pines. A native of Mexico, now in all tropical countries. 



4. EMILIA Cassini 



Annual or perennial erect herbs, glabrous or hairy, often glaucous. 

 Leaves mostly radical, crowded, petioled, entire, toothed, or lyrately lobed, 

 those of the stem few, clasping, smaller. Heads long-pediincled, loosely 

 corymbose, homogamous, red or purplish. Flowers all perfect, tubular, 

 the limb long, 5-toothed. Involucre cylindric, the bracts 1-seriate, free or 

 cohering below, the bracteoles none. Achenes subterete or angled, 5-ribbed; 

 pappus-hairs copious, soft, slender, white. 



Species 6 or 8 in tropical Africa, Asia, and Malaya, about 3 in the 

 Philippines. 



1. E. SONCHIFOLIA (L.) DC. Tugulinao (Tag.). 



An erect or ascending, variable, glabrous or sparingly hairy, more 

 or less branched plant 10 to 40 cm high. Leaves somewhat fleshy, the 

 lower ones lyrate-lobed or sinuate-toothed, 5 to 10 cm long, the upper ones 

 much smaller and usually entire, all sessile, and somewhat clasping the 



