476 A FLORA OP MANILA 



flat or nearly so, the paleae narrow. ' Ray-flowers female, about 2-seriate, 

 fertile or sterile, white, the ligule small, narrow, entire or 2-toothed. Disk- 

 flowers very numerous, perfect, fertile, tubular, the limb 4- or 5-fid. 

 Achenes compressed, truncate or 2-aristate; pappus none. - (Greek "to be 

 deficient," alluding to the absence of pappus.) 



Species 3 or 4, of wide tropical distribution, at least 2 in the Philippines. 



Coarse, erect, more or less densely hirsute, the leaves up to 9 cm long, 

 somewhat toothed ;. 1. E. zippeliana 



Rather slender, usually prostrate or spreading, strigillose but not hirsute, 

 the leaves 1 to 6 cm long, subentire 2. E. «lba 



1. E. ZIPPELIANA Bl. 



A very coarse, densely hirsute, erect, branched herb 0-3 to 1.6 m high, 

 the stems often reddish. Leaves 3 to 9 cm long, sessile, oblong-obovate 

 to lanceolate, hirsute, acuminate, base narrowed, margins irregularly and 

 rather .coarsely spinulose-toothed. Heads, ovoid, 6 to 7 mm long, 5 to 6 

 mm in diameter,, larger in fruit, the peduncles hirsute, 1 cm long or less, 

 the bracts green, hairy, as long as or exceeding the flowers. Ligules of 

 the ray-flowers about 1.5 mm long. Achenes black, 3 mm long, apex hairy. 



In open damp places, scattered, fl. all the year; of wide Philippine 

 distribution, apparently not native. Java, and probbly in other parts of 

 Malaya. 



2. E. ALBA (L.) Hassk. 



A decumbent, spreading, or sometimes suberect, strigillose, annual herb, 

 the stems rather slender, usually reddish, up to 30 cm in length or more. 

 Leaves sessile, entire or slightly toothed, linear-oblong to lanceolate, acute 

 or blunt, 1 to 5 cm long. Peduncles 3 cm long or less. Heads ovoid, 5 to 6 

 mm long, about 5 mm in diameter, in fruit much wider, the bracts strigillose 

 but not hirsute. Achenes black, 3 -mm long, t^ex glabrous, or slightly 

 hairy. 



In open, waste places, low damp lands, etc., common, fl. all the year; 

 throughout the Philippines, certainly introduced. All tropical and sub- 

 tropical countries. 



20. HELIANTHUS Linnaeus 



Coarse, erect, simple or branched, annual or perennial herbs. Leaves 

 opposite or alternate, ample, toothed or lobed. Heads often very large, 

 solitary or corymbose, long-peduncled. Ray-flowers several to many, yel- 

 low. Disktflowers perfect, very numerous, brown or yellow. Involucre- 

 bracts herbaceous or foliaceous, imbricate. Receptacle flat or convex, the 

 persistent chaffy scales embracing the 4-angled, compressed, smooth achenes. 

 Pappus very deciduous, of 2, thin, chaffy scales on the principal angles, and 

 sometimes 2 or more intermediate ones. (Greek "sun" and "flowe».") 



Species 55, in temperate and tropical America, 2 introduced and cul- 

 tivated in the Philippines. 



* 1. H. ANNUUS L. Girasol (Sp.) ; Sunflower. 



A coarse, stout, rough, erect, annual herb 1 to 3 m in height. Leaves 

 ovate, serrate, acuminate, the lowest ones sometimes cordate, 10 to 26 cm 

 long. Heads usually solitary, often very large, up to 20 cm in diameter, 

 the rays yellow, spreading. 



