478 A FLORA OF MANILA 



row, somewhat 5-angled, beaked at the top, with 2 to 4, barbed or hispid, 

 deciduous awns. (Greek "ornament.") 



Speeies 10 or more in tropical America, 2 introduced. in the Philippines. 



1. C.CAUDATUS HBK. 



A coarse, erect, branched herb 0.8 to 1.5 m high, glabrous. Leaves up 

 to 20 cm long, 2- or 3-pinnately dissected, the lobes narrov/, oblong, mostly 

 acuminate. Heads in the upper axils, long-peduncled, about 3 cm in 

 diameter, the involucral-bracts green, linear, about 1.5 cm long. Eay- 

 flowers pink or pale-purple, about 1.5 cm long, 3-cleft. Disk-flowers yellow. 

 Achenes fusiform, about 2 cm long, including the long, slender scabrid 

 beak which bears 2 slender, spreading retrorsely scabrid awns. (Fl. Filip. 

 p. 287.) 



In waste places, dry soil, common, fl. all the year; introduced from 

 tropical America at an early date, now thoroughly naturalized and widely 

 distributed in the Philippines. 



Some horticultural forms, chiefly with yellow flowers, are cultivated by 

 local gardeners. 



23. BIDENS Linnaeus 



Annual, erect, branched herbs, with opposite, toothed or incised or 1- 

 or 2-pinnate leaves. Heads corjmibosely panicled, rayed, the rays yellow 

 or nearly white, the disk-flowers perfect. Involucre green, ovoid or cylin- 

 dric, the bracts about 2-seriate, their bases connate, the outer ones narrow, 

 the inner broader. Anther-cells entire or subsagittate. Achenes 4-angled 

 or compressed, linear, the pappus of 2 to 4, rigid, retrosely barbed bristles. 

 (Latin "two" and "tooth," from the 2-awned achenes of some species.) 



Species about 50, mostly American, about 3 in the Philippines. 



1. B. PiLOSA h. Beggar-ticks. 



An erect, branched, usually more or less hairy herb 0.2 to 1.5 m high, 

 very variable. Leaves 15 cm long or less, the upper one usually much 

 smaller, 1- or 2-pinnatifld, the segments ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, toothed, 

 2 to 5 cm long. Heads long-peduncled, about 8 mm long in flower, the 

 disk-flowers brown or yellowish, the rays yellow or nearly white, the inner 

 involucral-bracts with broad scarious margins. Achenes linear, black, 

 1 to 1.5 cm long, 4-awned at the apex. 



In waste places, Malabon, fl. Oct.-Nov., and probably in other months; 

 widely distributed in the Philippines, and certainly introduced. All warm 

 countries. 



24. LACTUCA Linnaeus 



Erect, simple or branched, usually glabrous herbs with milky sap. 

 Leaves radical and alternate, entire, toothed or variously pinnate or pin- 

 natifid, often stem-clasping and auricled. Heads sessile or peduncled, 

 panicled, homogamous. Flowers all ligulate, yellow. Involucre usually 

 narrow, the bracts few-seriate, thin; receptacle flat, naked. Achenes com- 

 pressed, ovoid-oblong to narrow, beaked, ribbed. Pappus copious, the hairs 

 white, slender, usually with a ring of very short hairs at the base. 

 (Ancient Latin name of the lettuce.) 



Species about 10 in the north temperate region, 3 in the Philippines, 

 the following introduced and cultivated. 



* 1. L. SATIVA L. Lechuga (Sp.-Fil.) ; Lettuce. ' 



An erect, usually simple, annual, glabrous herb reaching a height of 1 

 m. Leaves 6 to 20 cm long, obovate to oblong-obovs^te, entire or lobed 



