European and Japanese Gardens 



cypresses or poplars against the sky, and contrasting in the 

 purple darkness of its evergreen foliage with the lighter and 

 gayer colors of the bright, sun-bathed architecture and garden 

 walls. These trees furnish shade, coolness and repose, and 

 in the older gardens they are sometimes of enormous size. 

 Secondly, they are used to form avenues where the grounds 

 are sufficiently extensive, as in the Pamfili Doria Villa, the \'illa 

 d'Este, or the Mattei Villa. Thirdlv, at specified points in the 

 flower-garden, or even on the second terrace, to relie\ e the 



THE TREATMENT OF TREES IS CHARACTERISTIC" 

 Avenue of the Villa Borghese Rome 



formality, flatness or brilliancy of the parterres, gravel walks, 

 and marble pavements. The trees most in use are the stone 

 pine, poplar and cypress, for the more massixe effects ; palm 

 trees occasionally for isolated points of interest, and the ilex, box 

 and yew for hedges and for the smaller avenues ; these last 

 three being well adapted for topiary-work or tree-clipping on 

 account of their fine and very dense foliage. The stone "pine 

 with its straight trunk and dignified outline, with its dark and 



43 



