European and Japanese Gardens 



cipal remaining features of the rather chilling and over-sym- 

 metrical decoration of the Italian gardens, in which everything 

 seemed obedient to a single demand, — coolness, shade, 

 mystery." 



*■ The transition from the dark ages to the Renaissance was 

 marked in gardening more by a change of scale than by a 

 change in kind, or point of view. Whereas the old-time castle 



THE CROSS OF FRANCHARD 



FOREST OF FONTAINEBLEAU 



garden, or cloister garth, had been a small and confined 

 area, — what could without too much sacrifice of security and 

 increase of protective garrison be afforded within the moat, — 

 the fifteenth century brought in larger ideas, and not only the 

 desire, but the possibility of using wider spaces. Gardens 

 expanded, accordingly, from cramped, walled spaces, strictly 

 within the precincts, to wide free fields stretching far out over 

 the plain, and even into the forests, — themselves more and 



105 



