HONEY YIELDING WILD FLOWERS. 



Willows — Salicacae. (Willow family.) 



Pussy Willow— (Salix discolor). Flowers in March and April. Both 



honey and pollen are obtained from the staminate flowers, 

 honey only from the pistillate. 

 Dandelion— Composite. (Composite family). (Taraxacum officinale). 



Flowers in April and May. 

 Bearberry— (Kinnikinnik). Ericacae. (Heath family). Arctostaphylos 



tjva-ursi. 

 Blueberry — Ericaceae. (Heath family). Vaecinium ovalifolium. 

 Huckleberry — Ericaceae. (Heath family). Gaylussacia resinosa. 

 Choke Cherry — Rosaceae. (Rose fanfily). Prunus demissa. 

 Bird or Pin Cherry— Rosaceae. (Rose family). Prunus pennsylvanica. 



All these flower in May. 

 Barberry — (Oregon Grape) Berberidacae. (Barberry family). Berberts 



aquifolium and Berberis repens. 

 Wild Red Raspberry — Rosaceae. (Rose family). Rubus strigosus. 

 Wild Black Raspberry — Rosaceae. (Rose family). Rubus occidentalis. 



All these flower in June. 

 Dogbane — (Milk-weed) Apocynaceae. (Dogrb-a.nei family) Apocynum 



androsaemifolium (Spreading Dogbane). 

 Snowberry — Caprifoliaceae. (Honeysuckle family). Symphoricarpos race- 



mosus. 



Wolf berry — Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle family). Symphoricarpos occi- 

 dentalis. \ 



Canada Thistle — Compositae (Composite family). Cirsium arvense. 

 All these flower in June and> July. 



Great Willow Herb or Fire-weed — Onagraceae. (Evening Primrose fam- 

 ily) Epilo'bium, angustifolium. 



Golden Rod — Composite. (Composite family). Solidago cang-densis, 

 etc. Flower in July and August. 

 ' In districts principally devoted to the production of fruit there are 

 not nearly enough bees kept at present to ensure the pollination of the' 

 blossoms. 1 * 



' The chief problems that have confronted the beekeepers have been 

 difficulties in wintering, and in the control of swarming. The latter 

 has -often been contributory to the former. Excessive swarming, fre- 

 quently caused by not providing the bees with sufficient room in the 

 hive, and generally occurring during the short honey flows, peculiar 

 to this region, has resulted in their being unable to store enough honey 

 to winter on, so that they have died of starvation, unless fed with sugar 

 syrup in the fall. The use of single-walled hives, with little or no ad- 

 ditional protection in winter, has also been responsible for many of 

 the losses that have been sustained. In some localities honey-dew the 

 excretion of aphides, and fruit Juic'e,^ collected and stored in the combs 

 ■by the bees, have been, the main cause of winter fatalities If the 

 combs containing fruit juice or honey-dew are removed in September 

 and the bees fed up ^quickly with thick syrup (two parts of sugar to 

 one of water) while the weather is warm enough to enable them to 

 store it in the com*s and seal it over, this trouble, is easily overcome 



re- 



Snow,- as a. rule, commences to fall early in November and mav 

 main on the ground until about the end of the following March so that 

 the bees may be confined to the hives for nearly five months At 

 time, however, during this period, there may come a warm wlnd°'!^^ 

 "Chinook", which, combined with brilliant sunshine, may raise thp t'p 

 perature for a few days to almost summer heat When this 

 is liable to bring the bees out of the hives prematurely with thl'"^ '*^ 

 suit that thousands of them alight on the soft snow becomp n^^^^^ 

 and are not able to get back again. Under such circumstances the beeg 



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