CONTENTS ix 



CHAP. PAGE 



XII. OVULE . . . . . . 84 



FERTILISATION AND CHANGES IN THE OVULE . 85 



FRUIT . .... 87 



Classification of Simple Fruits, Sg^Compound Fruits, 

 94 — Complete Fruits, 94. 



XIII. DISPERSAL OF SEEDS . . . -95 



Explosive P'ruits, 95 — Dispersal by the Wind, 95 — 

 Dispersal by Clinging to Animals, 96 — Dispersal 

 inside Animals, 96 — Protection of the Embryo in the 

 Seed, 97. 



FUNCTIONS OF THE PARTS OF FLOWERS, FRJJITS, 



AND SEEDS . . . . .98 



Part II. — Classification of Angiosperms 



XIV. CHIEF CHARACTERS OF THE FAMILIES CONSIDERED I03 



DICOTYLEDONS . . . . I07 



Apetal/e, 107 — CupulifeKE, 107 — Salicacese, 114 — 



Euphorbiacese, 116. 

 PoLYPETAL/E, 118 — Ranunculacepe, 118 — Papaveracese, 

 123 — CruciferEE, 124 — ^Violacete, 127 — Caryophyllacese, 

 130 — Malvaceae, 132 — GeraniaceEe, 135 — Oxalidaceas, 

 137 — Papilionacese, 137 — Rosaceie, 139 — Umbelliferfe, 

 146. 

 Gamopetal^, 148 — Primulacese, 148 — ConvolvuIaceDS, 

 151 — Solanaceje, 151 — BoraginaceK, 153 — Labiatae, 

 153 — Scrophulariaceie, 156 — CaprifoliaceEc, 159 — 

 Compositse, 161. 



MONOCOTYLEDONS. . . . .169 



Liliaceae, 169 — Amaryllidaceae, 170 — Iridacea;, 171 — 

 OrchidaceiE, 175 — Aracese, 178 — Graminacess, 181. 



Part III.— Physiology 



XV. NUTRITION OF THE PLANT . . .189 



Chemical Composition of a Plant, 189 — Composition of 

 the Air and Soil, 190 — Artificial Culture-solutions, 

 191 — Manufacture of Organic Compounds, 192. 



b 



