CHAPTER VII* 



G YMNOSPERMJE 



CONIFERJE (PINE FAMILY) 



Trees or shrubs with simple leaves and- inconspicuous naked 

 diclinous Flowers. The ovules are borne on open carpels. 



Type: SCOTCH PINE (FIJVUS SYLVESTRIS). 



Vegetative Characters. — A tall evergreen, resinous tree. 

 (Consult fig. 62 for an explanation of the following descrip- 



Fig. 62. — Diagram of branching of Pinus sylvestris, also showing 

 the position of flowers. 



tion.) The obvious branches (lateral long-shoots) are arranged 

 in false whorls. The vegetative shoots and leaves are of two 



* Beginners should omit this chapter. 



47 



