FRUITS 93 



and stone-like. The simplest drupes are 

 composed of one carpel, with one stone 

 enclosing one seed (e.g. Cherry, fig. 128, 

 Plum, Apricot). The most complicated drupes 

 are syncarpous, and have several stones, 

 because the walls of each of the ovary- 

 chambers has become separately changed into 

 a stone with one seed inside it. It must be 

 noted that the stones {e.g. Hawthorn) of stone- 

 fruits are not seeds. A seed is produced from 

 an ovule only, whereas the hard stone of a 

 drupe is formed by a layer of the ovary-wall. 



{b) The pericarp is soft and fleshy throughout {e.g. 

 Grape, Gooseberry, Currant, Orange, Cucum- 

 ber) = Berry. 



{c) The fruit of the pear and apple. is quite peculiar, 

 and is termed a Pome. The component five 

 carpels are fused with the hollow receptacle 

 by their outer faces, hence the gynsecium is 

 inferior (fig. 178). The carpels are also com- 

 bined with one another by their sides, but 

 may be free towards their centres (ventral 

 sutures), thus the gynaecium is only incom- 

 pletely syncarpous (fig. 179). In the fruit a 

 parchment-like membrane forms round each 

 chamber, just as stones may form round the 

 several chambers of a stone-fruit, whilst the 

 rest of the pericarp grows vigorously and 

 remains fleshy (figs. 180, 181). The seeds 

 are contained in the five parchment-walled 

 chambers (fig. 182). The pome is inter- 

 mediate between a berry and a stone-fruit, 

 also between a compound and a simple fruit. 



SEPARATING FRUITS (SCHIZOCARPS) 



These all possess more than one carpel. The constituent 

 carpels separate as closed one-seeded chambers. 



{a) The fruit separates into as many closed one-seeded one- 

 chambered parts as there are carpels. Each part 

 represents a closed carpel, and is termed a inerioarp 



