94 FRUITS 



{e.g. two - carpellary fruits of the Parsley-family, fig. ' 

 185, and Sycamore) or a coccus (if the ovary consists 

 of more than two carpels, e.g. Mallow, fig. 164) 



= ScMzocarp. 



{b) The two-carpellary fruit is divided into four one-chambered 



one- seeded parts which separate as little "nuts." 



Each "nut" therefore represents half a carpel {e.g. 



fruits of the Labiata, and many Boraginacece). 



COMPOUND FRUITS. 

 The compound fruit may possess a number of follicles 

 {e.g. Paeony, Winter Aconite), of achenes {e.g. Buttercup, Rose, 

 fig. 170, Strawberry, fig. 172), of drupes {e.g. Blackberry, fig. 

 17 s, Raspberry), inserted on a receptacle. But obviously it 

 cannot possess a number of siliquas or capsules, because these 

 are always syncarpous frUits. 



DESCRIPTIONS OF COMPLETE FRUITS. 



The classification of fruits so far given refers only to the 

 nature and behaviour of the pericarp. A few examples will 

 illustrate the application of this classification to complete 

 fruits. 



(i) Pea : the fruit is simple (legume) and is the ripened 

 carpel. 



(2) Honeysuckle ;. the fruit is simple (berry), is the ripened 

 inferior ovary, and therefore includes the receptacle. 



(3) Dandelion : the fruit is simple (achene), and consists of 

 the ripened inferior ovary (carpels and receptacle) and pappus. 



(4) Raspberry: the fruit is compound; the simple fruits are 

 drupes ( = carpels) inserted on a receptacle, which also bears 

 a persistent calyx. 



(5) Strawberry : the fruit is compound, and consists of 

 many achenes ( = carpels), and a large fleshy receptacle bear- 

 ing a calyx with an epicalyx. 



(6) Rose : ' the fruit is compound, consisting of many 

 achenes ( = carpels) attached to and concealed in a hollow 

 receptacle which bears a persistent calyx. 



