FUNCTIONS OF REPRODUCTIVE PARTS 99 



7. The testa serves to protect the embryo and food-sub- 

 stance of the seeds. Consequently it is thin and delicate when 

 the seeds are adequately protected by the pericarp. 



8. Wings, hooks, and hairs on seeds or fruits serve to facilitate 

 the dispersal of the seeds. Sometimes the hooks or spines may 

 also aid in protecting the fruits against animals which would 

 eat them and destroy the seeds. 



