iS6 DICOTYLEDONS 



the flower. This flower is a good example of one which 

 is pollinated by pollen conveyed on the back of a bee. In 

 the Pea-family, on the other hand, the pollen is transferred 

 from flower to flower on the under surface of the bee's body. 

 In accordance with this we observe that in the Dead Nettle 

 the honey is accessible on the lower (anterior) face of the 

 ovary, and the bee has, so to speak, to crouch down to 

 obtain the honey; whereas in the Pea the honey can only 

 be reached on the upper (posterior) face of the ovary. ~In 

 both the Pea and the Dead Nettle the anterior part of the 

 corolla acts as a platform on which the bee alights. The 

 Purple Dead Nettle has a corolla with a shorter tube, and may 

 be pollinated by ordinary bees, as well as by humble-bees. 



USES, ETC. OF LaBIATjE. 



Many Labiatae contain odorous ethereal oils which are used 

 for various purposes. Ethereal oils of Peppermint and Thyme 

 are familiar. Thyme (Thymus), Mint (Mentha), Sage (Salvia) 

 are used for culinary purposes, and their aroma is due to the 

 ethereal oils which they possess. 



SCROPHULARIACE.ffi (Foxglove Family) 



Herbs. Flowers irregular, cyclic, hypogynous. Sepals 

 five, gamosepalous. Petals five, gamopetalous, often two-lipped. 

 Stamens usually four, often two shorter, two longer (some- 

 times two or five), epipetalous. Carpels two, syncarpous, 

 superior ; ovary, two-chambered, with many ovules on an axile 

 placenta ; style one. Fruit usually a capsule. 



Type I. : FOXGLOVE (Digitalis purpurea). 



Vegetative characters. — Tall herb. Leaves : lower ones 

 radical, crowded and stalked ; upper ones alternate, sessile. 

 Inflorescence a terminal raceme. Flower (fig. 193) median- 

 zygomorphic, $ , cyclic, hypogynous. Sepals (ps, ex) five, 

 combined. Petals (cor) five, combined to form a large tube 

 with five short, broad, free lobes ; the anterior part of 

 the corolla (lower lip) is longer than the posterior portion 

 (upper lip). The corolla is spotted. Stamens (an) four, 

 attached to the corolla, two stamens with longer filaments 



