232 SURFACE, HAIRS 



when the incisions reach half-way, or nearly so, to the middle of the leaf 

 and divide the leaf into lacinlse ; pinnatifid (fig. 21), palmatifid (fig. 25). 

 Euncinate = pinnatifid with the pointed lateral sub-divisions directed 

 towards the base of the leaf {e.^. Dandelion). Pectinate = pinnatifid in a 

 comb-like manner. Farted, or the termination -partite = when the 

 incisions reach more than half-way, but not more than three-quarters of 

 the distance, to the middle of the lamina and divide it into partitions : 

 pinnatipartite (fig. 22), palmatipartite (fig. 26). The termination 

 -sect = when the incisions reach more than three-quarters of the distance 

 towards the middle of the lamina and divide it into segments which are 

 not yet leaflets. Lyrate= lyre-shaped, when sub-divided in a pinnate 

 manner with a long terminal sub-division. Laciniate = divided by deep 

 and irregular incisions into a great number of unequal sub-divisions. 

 Lobed : in some books a lamina divided to any depth in such a manner 

 that the sub-divisions have rounded ends is said to be lobed : and the sub- 

 divisions are lotes : pinnateljr-lobed, palmately-lobed. Finnate-leayes = 

 pinnately compoimd : Bliachis, rachis, the part of a pinnately compound 

 leaf which corresponds with the mid-rib of a simple pinnately-nerved leaf ; 

 imparipinnate = pinnately compound with a terminal leaflet ; paripinnate 

 = pinnately compound without a terminal leaflet ; bipinnate = doubly or 

 twice pinnately compound. Palmately compound = digitate ; temate = 

 having three leaflets ; quinate= having five leaflets. 



XVI. PrBBfoliation= vernation. Plane = flat (figs. 29, 32). Reclinate = 

 with the upper half of the leaf folded transversely upon and against the lower 

 half. Folded sideways : conduplicate (figs. 30, 33) ; plicate = plaited (fig. 

 34). Circinate = the apex of the leaf rolled transversely upon the more 

 basal parts. Rolled sideways : convolute (fig. 37) ; involute (fig. 35) ; 

 revolute (fig. 36). 



XVII. Vernation and sestivation. — Induplicate (fig. 31) when the leaves 

 are open or valvate, and have their margins rolled inwards. Equitant 

 when each leaf, or its base, embraces its successor just as a saddle fits on a 

 horse's back. 



TEXTURE— CONSISTENCE OF PLANT TARTS. 



XVIII. Soarious = thin, dry, and stiff. Membranous = thin, easily 

 flexible, and more or less transparent. Coriaceous = tough, leathery. 

 Succulent = juicy. Rigid = resistent. 



SURFACE, HAIRS, Etc. 



XIX. Glabrous = without hairs. Smooth = without hairs or any rough- 

 ness. Pubescent = downy, coated with soft short hairs. Pilose = with 

 scattered long soft hairs. Hirsute = with numerous long rather soft hairs. 

 Hairs adpressed = when lying flat against the surface. Silky = with long 

 shining close-pressed hairs. TomentOBe = cottony=with matted soft hairs. 

 WooUy = with curly wool-like soft hairs. Hispid = with stiff bristly hairs. 

 Setose = with very stiff' bristles. Ecbinate = aculeate = furnished with 

 prickles. Spinose — furnished with spines : or being a spine. Spinulose = 

 with minute spines. Kugose = wrinkled, Tuberculate= beset with many 

 small wart-like outgrowths. Punctate = dotted. Striate=with parallel 



