FLOWER 233 



lines, either slightly raised or specially coloured. Sulcate = with parallel 

 furrows. Costate = with parallel ribs or ridges. Winged = with longitudinal 

 flap-like ridges along the sides. Scabrous = rough. Viscous = viscid = 

 sticky. Glaucous = covered with a whitish layer of "bloom" which 

 modifies the tints of the underlying surface {e.^. Plum-fruits, Cabbage- 

 leaves). 



INFLORESCENCE. 



XX. Axis. — Peduncle = the main axis of an inflorescence, whether the 

 latter consists of many flowers or of one solitary flower. Pedicel = the stalk 

 of one single flower in an inflorescence. Rhachis, rliacliis = the elongated 

 flower-bearing part of an inflorescence-axis. 



XXI. Bracts. — Bracteoles = the bracts on a single flower-stalk in an 

 inflorescence. Pbyllaries = the bracts forming the involucre amongst 

 Composite. Palese = chafiy bracts on the receptacle of capitula, and in 

 spikelets of Grasses. 



XXII. Inflorescence. — Centrifagal = with flowers opening from the centre 

 outward, as in cymose types. Centripetal = with flowers opening from 

 without towards the centre — i.e. in acropetal succession, as in most race- 

 mose types. Uniparous cyme = a monochasium. Helicoid cyme = a kind 

 of monochasium. Biparous, or dicbotomous, cyme = a dichasium. Fascicle 

 =a crowded cymose inflorescence resembling an umbel and corymb com- 

 bined {e.j. Sweet William). Glomerule = a crowded cymose inflorescence 

 resembling a capitulum or a shortened spike. Verticillaater=an inflor- 

 escence consisting of opposite axillary sessile cymes which form a false 

 whorl. Thyrsus = a panicle-like cyme ; or more accurately an inflorescence 

 the main type of which is racemose, but the Secondary or ultimate branches 

 of which are cymes. Strobilus=cone, as appUed to Angiosperms, is a. 

 spike with large bracts ; as applied to Gymnosperms, it is a single flower 

 conical in form. Locusta = spikelet. Corymb = an inflorescence like a 

 simple raceme, except that the stalks of the lower flowers are longer than 

 those of the upper ones, so that all the blossoms of the inflorescence reach 

 about the same level. 



FLOWER. 



XXIII. Dichlamydeous = with a perianth consisting of two whorls. Mono- 

 cUamydeous = with a perianth consisting of one whorl. Achlamydeous = 

 naked = without a perianth. Asepalous = without sepals. Complete = having 

 all four kinds of floral leaves. Incomplete = not having all four kinds of 

 floral leaves. Perfect = bisexual = hermaphrodite = monoclinous. Imper- 

 fect = unisexual = diclinous. Sometimes the words perfect and imperfect are 

 used as synonyms of complete and incomplete respectively. Male = staminate. 

 Female = pistillate = carpellary. Neuter = devoid of stamens and carpels. 

 Barren or sterile = incapable of producing seeds : sometimes used as syn- 

 onyms of staminate. Fertile = producing seeds : sometimes employed as a 

 synonym of carpellary. Dimorphic = having monoclinous flowers of two 

 kinds. Trimorphic= having monoclinous flowers of three kinds. 



XXIV. Number of parts. — A flower or a whorl is di-, tri-, tetra-, and 

 peuta-merous, when its floral leaves are in twos, threes, fours, and fives 

 respectively. Isomerous = in number equal to the sepals or petals forming 



