SYMPTOMS OF DISEASE. 19 
The eye of the dog in health is rightly said to be full of expression, and some 
of its changes in disease are suggestive. For instance, in severe attacks in 
which the fever has run high for several days, the eyes are generally bloodshot, 
thus showing that an unusual quantity of blood has been sent to the head; or, in 
other words, it is evidence of a fulness of blood there. When the liver is much 
at fault, the “whites ” of the eyes have a yellowish tint. 
In wasting diseases the eyes eventually seem to sink in their sockets. That 
they cannot bear the light is very evident in cases characterized by irritability of 
the brain. In inflammation of the brain, also in some other very serious diseases 
located elsewhere, the eyes are unusually brilliant, and described as glaring. With 
children, squinting commonly appears in disease of the brain. Very rarely, yet 
now and then, it is detected in dogs suffering from like trouble. A few hours 
before death the eyes lose their lustre. In advanced brain inflammation the 
pupils often contract and become very small. There is often, also, total loss of 
sight. Asarule, after death by the cyanide of potassium or Prussic acid, they are 
found widely dilated. In children one effect of large doses of santonin is to so 
change the sight that things look yellow. Now and then, after the drug has been 
given to pups they act a little strangely, and in ways that suggest that their eyes 
may have been similarly affected by it. 
Dogs often paw at the sides of their heads, and this act may be induced by ear 
trouble, as otitis, an insect or other foreign body in the passage, etc., or it may 
be prompted by pain or other disorder in the head. The sense of hearing seems 
to be preternaturally acute in some conditions of the brain, and often precedes 
wildness and delirium ; while defective hearing may be due to congestion or dis- 
ease of the ears, or to brain trouble. Considering further the symptoms connected 
with the senses, where tenderness appears on pressure, the common acceptation 
may be that there is inflammation, although it is present occasionally in neuralgic 
cases, possibly from inflammation of the sheaths of the nerves. Tired muscles 
may also be sore to the touch as well as on motion. Pain may sometimes be 
more or less relieved by pressure, as in colic; and in all cases in which it is so 
affected it may be confidently accepted that there is no inflammation, otherwise 
pressure would cause pain instead of relieving it. 
Loss of sensation occurring from disease constitutes one kind of paralysis, 
and loss of power to move the parts affected is the other form. 
The appearance of the teeth may have some, although scarcely great, impor- 
tance, for they are very generally neglected. When dogs are scantily fed or 
otherwise not properly managed, and consequently nutrition is disturbed and 
poor, the teeth tend to decay. The accumulation of tartar might be prevented 
were bones judiciously allowed with the food, but, as a rule, they are much too 
hard to serve their purpose ; moreover, teeth are often broken by them. Tartar 
forms between the teeth and the gums, gradually accumulating at the roots, and 
they are loosened in consequence, while much irritation is often induced. If his 
