290 KENNEL DISEASES. 
other signs of eczema present. Moreover, when due to these pests, instead of 
the itching, scratching, and biting being confined to a few spots, they are gener- 
ally over all hairy parts. 
- To distinguish between eczema and sarcoptic mange ought not to be difficult 
for there are a number of distinct peculiarities. The former disease generally 
matures fairly slowly. That is, a dog is seen biting certain parts, and on exam- 
ination the skin there is found more or less inflamed, reddened, and slightly 
swollen, and likely covered with small blisters or pimples ; or it may seem raw, 
or even be covered with thin scales. Now, such spots at first are but few in 
number, and usually small. They increase and grow larger, however, but not 
very rapidly, and it may be several weeks before the eruption is extensive. 
In mange, on the other hand, the itching, scratching, and biting are more 
general, — not confined to certain spots; moreover, on examination there ap- 
pears on the skin of the affected parts a number of pimples or slight elevations 
resembling flea-bites, caused by the burrowing of the mange parasite, From 
these there may be a slight discharge, but it dries quickly and forms small crusts. 
Although the scratching and biting induced in mange break and tear the skin 
and cause sores, in that disease alone there is much less inflammation than in 
eczema ; while the latter has many other notable peculiarities. Notwithstanding 
the hair comes out in both affections, the loss is greatest and most rapid in mange. 
Finally, even were it difficult to distinguish between these two affections from 
the appearance of the eruption, symptoms, etc., by experimental treatment all 
doubts could be soon dispelled. The means to be employed is the simple oint- 
ment composed of sulphur and lard. That applied and the trouble mange, 
a gain would be at once apparent, and cure speedily completed. If, however, the 
disease was eczema of quite severe type, and the ointment had any appreciable 
effect, the improvement would be neither marked nor rapid. 
Returning to the discussion of the local treatment of eczema, again it is 
urged that while the skin is much inflamed all applications ought to be soothing, 
and if there is much oozing from the surface they should be in the form of 
powders, and the same tend to allay the inflammation as well as dry up the 
discharge. 
The mixture of balsam and carbolic acid can be safely applied to all itching 
surfaces, and much may be expected from it in cases in which the eruption is 
limited to a few spots; if, however, that is very extensive, as previously stated, 
the mixture can scarcely be recommended, since its use must be gradual and 
a long time be occupied in applying it to all parts. But it ought to have an 
important place in the medicine outfits of those who exhibit dogs, and especially 
large breeds; for spots of eczema are singularly liable to appear during shows, 
and by means of this application the trouble can be cut short, and loss of hair 
and disfigurement prevented. Moreover, that it has been used need not be plainly 
evident if powders the color of the dog be dusted on. As, for instance, powdered 
