ASCARIS MARGINATA. 327 
every part, from the tip of her nose to the end of her tail, it should be applied 
with generous hand. And this operation ought to be repeated about twice 
each week while the puppies remain with her, care being taken to dust all the 
sulphur off her breasts and teats before they again nurse — that is, until they 
are at least two or three weeks old. 
One requirement which writers on canine affections seem to have ignored, 
notwithstanding it is clearly important, is that of obtaining the drinking-water 
always from the purest sources. Water from small streams, shallow wells, 
and the like, is liable to contain the ova of round-worms, hence ought not 
to be used. Indeed, did the family use filtered water, it would be none too 
good for the kennels, and especially with bitches in whelp. 
Worms give rise to somewhat different symptoms in nursing puppies than 
in older pups. In the former they almost invariably set up an inflammation 
of the lining of the intestine, called enteritis; and with this there is diarrhea. 
The bowels may move with normal frequency at first, but as a rule it is not 
long before the discharges occur at very short intervals, and are thin, scanty, 
and largely made up of mucus, which is generally reddish in color, and voided 
with difficulty and pain, as evinced by straining and groaning. 
The diarrhea often presents peculiarities which indicate, with some degree 
of certainty. whether or not the number of worms present is large or small. 
For example, if large the inflammation is generally quite extensive and the 
diarrhea persists — that is, it continues day after day; but if the number is 
comparatively small, the diarrhea is usually less constant, and may be present 
for a day and then disappear, not to return for several days, and perhaps not 
for a week or more. Usually. also, in such cases the mucus, while possibly 
quite abundant, is colorless or only slightly pinkish, and rarely is it of deep 
ted color, as in the first instance. 
This is the rule, but exceptions are not infrequent, in which a small num- 
ber of worms cause symptoms of sufficient severity to justify the impression 
that a large number are present. 
A puppy two or three weeks old suffering from worms is somewhat bloated, 
and either altogether refuses the breast, or takes it only now and then. It 
whines or moans more or less constantly. Discharges from the bowels are 
frequent and watery, or what is termed slimy, from an excess of mucus, also 
sour smelling. Doubtless because of its odor, the mother does not clean the 
poor little one, hence, soaked in filth, it speedily becomes exceedingly offen- 
sive; and unless relief is promptly afforded, it emaciates rapidly, chills, and 
dies. 
The appetite of puppies three or four months of age, or over, is usually 
capricious; it being now nearly or entirely absent, and again quite ravenous. 
After eating only a very moderate quantity their abdomens are much distended ; 
or, in other words, they bloat up greatly and with astonishing rapidity. They 
