338 KENNEL DISEASES. 
CHAPTER II. 
TANIA. 
Tue tenia or tape-worm is made up of flat whitish segments, resembling 
small bits of tape, and these are joined together, end to end. It has a very 
minute head, provided with either suckers or tiny hooklets, or both, by means 
of which it attaches itself to the mucous membrane that lines the intestine. 
Once firmly fixed to that, segment after segment is formed, by a process of 
budding, as it were; and all on reaching the complete state are provided with 
both male and female generative organs. Thus the segments multiply, and 
the chain lengthens; also increases in size. 
They remain joined until fully matured; then break off, each producing a 
vast number of eggs, which contain the embryos or germs. 
If the eggs in question enter the stomach of a suitable animal, their enve- 
lopes or shell coverings, softened by the gastric juice, are ruptured, and the 
embryos set free. 
These embryos then leave the digestive canal and make their way to differ- 
ent parts of the body, where they meet with conditions favorable to their 
development. Now let them be introduced into the intestinal canal of another 
animal of the right sort, and they fasten themselves to the lining membrane, - 
as in the first instance, and another colony of tape-worms is formed. 
Likely this method of transmission can be made clearer by illustration. It 
is assumed that a tape-worm egg has passed out of the bowels of a dog and 
been taken into the stomach of a sheep, possibly in the drinking-water. Leav- 
ing the stomach and probably entering circulation, it eventually reaches the 
brain, where it becomes fixed, and known as the ccenurus cerebralis. Now if 
this infested brain be eaten by a dog, in him, from the larva or immature form 
of the tape-worm contained therein, will be developed a perfect tape-worm. 
Another method of propagation is as follows: Segments of a tape-worm 
are passed by an infested dog, or they work their way out of his bowels and 
locate themselves among the hairs of his coat, where they deposit their eggs. 
If he is so unfortunate as to have lice, the tape-worm eggs are swallowed by 
them. Within the bodies of these lice the eggs in question meet with the 
conditions which are right for the rupture of their envelopes or shells. That 
change occurring, the embryos are set free, and another transformation has 
taken place. Now the vermin excite itching in the dog, and set him to scratch- 
