(23) CHALCOPHAPS INDICA (Linn.), 



THE BRONZE-WINGED OR EMERALD DOVE. 

 (Plate 11.) 



Coluwba indica Linn., Syst. Nat., I p. 284 (1766) ; Penn, Faun. I., p. 41 ; 

 Lath., I. Om., II p. 598. 



Columba albicapilla id. ib., p. 597. 



Columba coeruleocephaia id. ib., II p. 610. 



Ghalcophaps indica Gray, List Gall. B.M., p. 18 (1844) ; Blyth, J.A.S.B., XIV 

 pt. 2 p. 589 ; Jerdon, B.I., HI p. 484 ; Godw.-Aus., J.A.S.B., XXXIX 

 pt. 2 p. 112 ; Ball, Str. Feath., I p. 80 ; Hume, Nests and Eggs, p. 509; 

 id., Str. Feath., II p. 269 ; id. ib., p. 481 ; id. ib., IH p. 165 ; Blyth 

 and Wald., B. Burma, p. 147 ; Hume and Bourd., Str. Feath., IV p. 404 ; 

 Inglis, ib., V p. 40 ; Fairbank, ib., p. 409 ; Butler, ib., p. 503 ; Hume 

 and Dav., ib., VI p. 424 ; Ball, ib., VII p. 225 ; Cripps, ib., p. 298 ; 

 Hume., ib., VIII p. 110; id.. Cat. no. 798; Legge, B. Cey., p. 719; 

 Vidal, Str. Feath., IX p. 75 ; Bing., ib., p. 195 ; Butler, ib., p. 421 ; 

 Reid, ib., p. 500 ; Davison, ib., X p. 408 ; Taylor, ib., p. 464 ; Oates, 

 B. Burma, II p. 297 ; Barnes, B. Bom., p. 293 ; Hume, Str. Feath., XI 

 p. 300 ; Oates, in Hume's Nests and Eggs, 2nd ed., 11 p. 263 ; Salvadori, 

 Cat. B.M., XXI p. 514; Blanf., Avi. Brit. I., IV p. 26; Sharpe, Hand- 

 List, I p. 84 ; Oates, Cat. Eggs B.M., I p. 108 ; Sarat Chandra Mittra, 

 J.B.N.H.S., m p. 266 ; Blanf., ib., IX p. 186 ; Butler, ib., X p. 310 ; 

 Stuart Baker, ib., p. 361; Inglis, ib., XI p. 475; Butler, ib., XII 

 p. 690 ; Osmaston, ib., XVII p. 489 ; Mears, ib., XVIII p. 86 ; Osmaston, 

 ib., p. 359 ; Harington, ib., XIX pp. 309, 365 ; Cook, ib., XXI p. 675 ; 

 Hopwood, ib., p. 1214 ; Harington, B. Burma, p. 66. 



Chalcophaps augusia Bp., Con. Av., 11 p. 92 (1854) ; Ball, Str. Feath., I p. 81 ; 

 Hume, ib., II p. 270. 



Vernacular Names. Ram-ghugu, Baj-ghttgu, Beng. ; Andi-bellaguim, 

 Tel. ; Paihaki-praa, Tam. Ceylon ; Nila Bobeya, Cing. ; Ka-er, Lepcha ; 

 Muti-Bopuha, Assamese ; Gyo-sane, Gyo-sein, Burmese ; Daotiiaiai, Cachari. 



Description. — AdiUt male. Fore-head and broad superciUa white, 

 changing to dark blue-grey on the crown and nape ; sides of the head, neck, 

 shoulders, and upper-breast a deep Adnous-red gradually paling on the lower- 

 breast and abdomen; back, scapulars, wing-coverts and inner secondaries 

 metallic emerald-green with a varying amount of bronze reflections, in a 

 few individuals this bronze tint practically replacing the green ; edge of 

 wing, bastard-wing, primaries and greater primary-coverts dark brown ; 

 secondaries the same, those next the green innermost ones with bronze 

 reflections. Smallest wing-coverts and shoulder of wing vinous-red like the 

 neck, sometimes more grey, bordered by a fringe of white feathers. Lower- 

 back deep copper-bronze with a band across of feathers fringed with white or 



