(25) COLUMBA LIVIA INTERMEDIA (Strick.). 



THE INDIAN BLUE ROCK-PIGEON. 



Gdumia oenas Jerdon, Madr. J.L.S., XII p. 14 ; Bingh., Sport. Rev. 1845, 

 pi. IV. 



Coluniba intermedia Strick., Aim. and Mag. N.N., XIII p. 39 (1844) ; BIyth, 

 J.A.S.B., XIV p. 861 ; Layard, Ann. and Mag. N.H., XIV p. 59 

 Stoliczka, J.A.S.B., XXXVII 2nd pt. p. 66 ; id. ib., XLI 2ndpt. p. 248 

 Jerdon, B.I., III p. 469 ; Hume, Str. Feath., I p. 217 ; Adam, ib, 

 p. 390 ; Ball, ib., II p. 425 ; id. ib., Ill p. 208 ; Hume, Nests and 

 Eggs, III p. 499 ; Butler, Str. Feath., IV p. 3 ; Fairbank, ib., p. 262 ; 

 Blanf., E. Persia, II p. 268 ; Hume, Str. Feath., VI p. 419 ; Dav. and 

 Wen., ib., VII p. 86 ; Ball, ib., p. 224 ; Cripps, ib., p. 296 ; Hume, ib., 

 VIII p. 109 ; id., Cat. no. 788 ; Legge, B. Cey., p. 608 ; Scully, Str, 

 Feath., VIU p. 339 ; Doig, ib., p. 371 ; Vidal, ib., IX p. 74 ; Biddulph, 

 ib., p. 357 ; Butler, ib. p. 419 ; Barnes, ib., p. 457 ; Reid, ib., p. 59 

 Oates, B. Burma, II p. 288; Barnes, B. Bom., p. 289; Hume, Str 

 Feath., XI p. 297 ; Oates, in Hume's Nests and Eggs, 2nd ed., II p. 344 

 Salvadori, Cat. B.M., XXI p. 259; Sharpe, Hand-List, I p. 69 

 Oates, Cat. Eggs B.M., I p. 87 ; Harington, B. Burma, p. 67 ; Barnes 

 J.B.N.H.S., V p. 330 ; Davidson, ib., XII p. 62 ; Rattray, ib., p. 344 

 Primrose, ib., XIII p. 708; Inglis, ib., XIV p. 561; Marshall, ib. 

 XV p. 352 ; Wall., ib., p. 722 ; BourdiUon, ib., XVI p. 2 ; Fulton, 

 ib., p. 60 ; Dewar, ib., p. 495 ; Martin Young, ib., p. 515 ; Nicol Cuming, 

 ib., p. 691 ; Macdonald, ib., XVII p. 496 ; Ward, ib., p. 943 ; Harington, 

 ib., XIX p. 309; Perreau, ib., p. 919; Whitehead, ib., XX p. 966 

 Moss-King, ib., XXI p. 99 ; Whitehead, ib., p. 167. 



Colwmba livia (part) Blyth., Cat. B.M.A.S.B., p. 233 ; Blyth, B. Burma, 

 p. 145. 



Columba livia, var. cyanotvs, Severtz, Str. Feath., Ill p. 430. 



Vernacular Names. Kabutar, Hin. ; Pdraivd, Mahr. ; Ghidi powrai, 

 Tel. ; KoviVpara, Tamil ; Mada-praa, Tam. Ceylon ; KaUretar, Behari ; Noni 

 Daotu, Cachari ; Kontioram, Pushtu ; Kho, Burmese ; Kapoth, Baluchi ; 

 Kaffar, Persian. 



Description. — Adult male. Similar to the last bird, but, typically, the 

 colour of the plumage generally is darker than it is in true livia, and the lower- 

 back is concolorous with, or only very little paler than, the upper, though 

 contrasting with the still darker rump ; the primaries and outer secondaries 

 are also darker, and have the grey on the inner webs less pale and less in 

 extent, and the grey on the inaer quills less well defined. 



Colours of soft parts. Irides orange-yellow to orange-red ; bUl black, 

 the cere livid-grey or whitish, and the base of the lower mandible paler; 

 eyelids livid-white, or gre3dsh-white ; legs generally a deep crimson-red, 

 sometimes paler and sometimes a rather light coral-red, the soles paler and 

 the claws homy. 



