332 



ZOOLOOT. 



Turning now to the side of the body under the insertion 

 of the wing (Pig. 279), we see tliat the side of each of the 

 middle and hind thoracic rings is composed of two pieces, 

 tlie anterior, episterimm, resting on the sternum, witli the 

 epimermn behind it ; these pieces are vertically high and 

 narrow, and to them the leg is inserted by three pieces, 

 called respectively toxa, trochantine, and trochanter {sqq Pig. 

 279), the latter forming a true joint of the leg. 



The legs consist of five well-marked joints, the femur 

 (thigh), tibia (shank), and tarsus (foot), the latter consist- 

 ing in the locust of three joints, the third bearing two large 

 claws with a p)ad between them. The hind legs, especially 

 the femur and tibia, are very large, adapted for hoi^ping. 



The sternum is broad and large in the middle and hind 

 thorax, but small and obscurely limited in the prothorax, 

 with a large conical projection between the legs. 



The head is mainly in the adult locust composed of a sin- 

 gle piece called the epicranium (Pigs. 379 and 280, U), which 

 carries the compound eyes, ocelli, or simple eyes (Fig. 280, 

 e), and antennfe. While there are in real- 

 ity four primary segments in the head of 

 all winged insects, corresponding to the 

 four pairs of appendages in the head, the 

 posterior three segments, after early em- 

 bryonic life in the locust, become obsolete, 

 and are mainly represented by their ap- 

 pendages and by small portions to which the 

 appendages are attached. The epicranium 

 represents the antennal segment, and 

 mostly corresponds to the tergum of the seg- 

 ment. The antennte, or feelers, are in- 

 serted in front of the eyes, and between 

 them is the anterior ocellus, or simple eye, 

 while the two posterior ocelli are situated 

 above the insertion of the antennas. In 

 front of the epicranium is the clypeus (Pig. 

 280), a piece nearly twice as broad as long. To the clypeus 

 is attached a loose flap, which covers the jaws when they 

 are at rest. This is the upper lip or lahrum (Pig. 280). 



Fig. 280.— Fro n t 

 view of the head of C. 

 gprelus. E, epicrani- 

 um ; C, clypeus ; L, 

 lahrum; o o, ocelli; e, 

 eye; a. antenna; nid, 

 mandible; ?«;c, portion 

 of maxilla uncovered 

 by the labram ; p, 

 maxillary palpuy; p\ 

 labial palpus.— Kings- 

 ley deL 



