384 



ZOOLOGY. 



liatchiug, feed upon the living but paralyzed grasshoppers, 

 tlie store of living food not being exhausted until the larval 



wasp is ready to stop eating 

 and finish its transformations. 

 The genuine paper-making 

 wasps are numerous in species; 

 here the workers are winged, 

 and only differ from the 

 females or queens in being 

 rather smaller and with unde- 

 veloped ovaries. The series of 

 genera from Odynerus, which 

 builds cells of mud, and in 

 which there are no workers, 

 up to those which have work- 

 ers and build paper cells, such 

 as Polistes, is quite continu- 

 ous. The genuine paper- 

 making wasps, such as Vespa, 

 build several tiers of cells, ar- 

 ranged month dowuAvard, and 

 enveloped by a wall of several 

 thicknesses of paper. In the 

 Vespw, the females found the 

 colony, and raise a brood of 

 workers, which early in the 

 summer assist the queen in 

 completing the nest. 



The bees also present a 

 gradual series from those 

 which are solitary, living in 

 holes in the earth, like the 

 ants (Fig. 370, nest of An- 

 dretia vie ma Smith), and form- 

 ing silk-lined earthen cocoons. 



Fi„ S^O —Nest of Andi ena g le^ el 

 of grouutl , a, first made cell, con 

 tainin^ a pupa ; b, I, larv* ; c, pollen 

 mass Vith an egg laid on it ; /, pollen 

 mass freshly deposited by the bee,- to thoSe which are SOcial, with 



winged workers, slightly dif- 



Emerton del. 



workers, slightly 

 fering from the queens. The queen humble-bee hybernates, 

 and in the spring founds her colony by laying up pellets of 



