446 



ZOOLOGY. 



Tlie bony fishes date back to the Jurassic period, but did 

 not become numerous until the Cretaceous and especially the 

 Tertiary Period. The Green River beds of Wyoming aboumi 

 in their remains. 



The Teleosts are divided into eight orders, in an ascending 

 series as follows : Opisthomi, AjMcles, Nematognathi, Scypho- 

 phori, Tcleocephali, Pediculati, Lophobranchii and Plectog- 

 natlii. 



Order 1. Opiffhomi. — The fishes of this gToup are char- 

 acterized by the separation of the shoulder-girdle from the 

 head. The ventral fins are either abdominal or wanting. 

 The typical genus is Notocantli us, in which the body is elon- 

 gated, with a proboscis-like snout. 



Order 2. Apodes. — In this group, also, the scapular arch 



Fig. 403. — Coranion Eel, Aiiguilla acutiro&tns. 



is free from tlie skull, while the maxillary bones are rudi- 

 mentary. Tlie branchial apertures are unusually small, and 

 there are no ventral fins, while the body is very long, cylin- 

 drical, snake-like. The order is represented among many 

 other forms by the common eel {Anguilla), the conger-eel, 

 and the Murcena of the Mediterranean Sea. The conger-eel 

 {Conger oceanicus Gill) ranges from Newfoundland to the 

 West Indies. Gill, as well as Gtlnther and others, regards a 

 long transparent ribbon-like fish, described under the name 

 of Lepdocephalus as the young of the conger-eel. 



The common eel, Anguilla ucutirostris (Fig. 403), occurs 

 on both sides of the Atlantic, on the North American coast 

 as far south as Cape Ilatteras, and in inland rivers and lakes. 

 The sexes do not differ externally, and internally only 



