520 



ZOO LOG r. 



45 44 43 42 414039 38 37 30 35 34 33 32 3130 29 28 27 26 25 24 



Fig. 452.— Topography of a bird. 1, forehead (frons); 2, lore; 3, clrcumorular 

 region ; 4, crown (vertex) ; 5, eye; fi, hind head (occiput) : 7, nape (nvcha) ; 8, hind 

 neck (cernix) ; 9, side of neclc ; 10, interscapular region ; 11, dorsum or bade proper, 

 including 10; 12, notmum, ov upper part of body proper, including 10.11 and 13; 

 13, rump (uropi/f/ium) ; 14, upper tail coverts; 15, tail ; 16, under tail coverts ; 17, 

 tarsus ; 18, abdomen ; 19, hind toe (hallux) ; 20, gastrceiim, including 18 and 24 ; 21, 

 outer oV fourth toe ; 22, middle or third toe ; 23, side of the body ; 24, breast (pec/us); 

 25, primaries; 2fi, secondaries ; 27, tei'tiarie?;. Nos. 25, 2(>. 27 are all reniiges; 28, 

 primary coverts ; 29. nlula, or bastard wing ; 30. greater coverts ; 31, median coverts ; 

 33, lesser coverts : 33, the " throat," including 34, 37 and 38 ; 34, jugvliim, or lower 

 throat; 35, auriculars ; 36, malar region; 37, (pda or middle throat; 38, men-lum or 

 chin ; 39, angle of commissure, or corner of mouth ; 40, ramus of under man- 

 dible ; 41, side of under mandible ; 42, gonys ; 43, apex, or tip of bill ; 44, tomia. or 

 cutting edges nf the bill ; 45, cdmen. or' ridge of upper mandible, corresponding to 

 gonys ; 46, side of upper mandible ; 47, nostril ; 48, passes across the bill a little iu 

 front of its face.— From Coues's Key. 



