APPENDIX 



SAINT MATTHEW'8 ISLAND, BEEIKG'S SEA, 



This island lies about 200 miles north-northwest from Saint 

 Paul's, and is not large, being some 22 miles in length and ex- 

 cessively narrow in proportion. Hall's, a small island, lies west 

 from it, separated by a strait less than 3 miles in width, and a 

 sharp jagged rock stands out some 1,200 feet abruptly from the 

 sea, 5 miles south of Sugarloaf Cone. 



Our first landing, early in the morning of August 5, was at the 

 slope of Cub Hill, near Cape Upright, the easternmost point of 

 the island; the air coming in from the northwest was cold and 

 chilly, and snow and ice were on the hill-sides and in the 

 gullies. The hill-sides and summits were of a grayish-russet 

 tinge, with rich green swale-slopes running down into the low- 

 lands, which are more intensely green and warm iu tone there. 



The island everywhere presents the appearance of a long 

 straggling reach of bluffs and headlands connected with bars 

 and lowland spits, at a small distance resembling half a dozen 

 distinct islands, when seen from the ship. 



The pebble-bar formed by the sea between (Jape Upright and 

 Waterfall Heads is covered with a deep stratum of glacial drift 

 carried down from the slopes of Polar and Cub Hills, and ex- 

 tending over two miles of this water-front to the westward, 

 where it is met by a similar washing from that quarter. Back 

 and in the center of this neck are several small fresh lakes and 

 lagoons without fish, but emptying into them are a number of 

 clear, lively brooks in which are brook-trout of large size and 

 fine quality. A luxuriant growth of deep moss and grass inter- 

 spersed exists on the lowest ground, and occasionally strange 

 dome-like piles of peat lifted four or five feet above the marshy 

 swale appear like abandoned huts, with a great variety of pretty 

 flowers, growing thickly everywhere on these places. 



As these lowlands rise on to the flanks of the hills th« vegeta- 

 tion changes rapidly to a simple coat of cryptogamic gray and 

 light russet, with a slippery slide for the foot wherever ascent 



