60 BUDDING AND GRAFTING 



NURSERY AND ORCHARD PROJECTS AND EXERCISES 



1. Methods of Budding. — With any suitable twigs make five or ten speci- 

 mens of each of the methods of budding. 



2. Methods of grafting should be practiced in like manner until each 

 method is well learned by every one. 



3. Grafting wax should be made by students. Also wax a supply of knit- 

 ting cotton after winding it into skeins eight or ten inches long and cutting 

 the ends. 



4. A peach nursery should be started as a home project. Follow the 

 methods outlined in this chapter. Grow the stocks, bud them, prune the trees, 

 cultivate and care for them for a season after the budding time. They may 

 then be transplanted to orchard rows, or may be sold if the project is to close. 



5. A plum nursery project, including the three main types of plums, may 

 be conducted in a similar way. 



6. A cherry nursery project should be planned by some students. Let it 

 be conducted as suggested in No. 4. 



7. A nursery of apple and pear trees may be made interesting by using the 

 root grafting method of propagation. Stocks may be purchased from large 

 nurseries to save a year in growing them. Carry the project to completion as 

 suggested in No. 4. Careful attention should be given to labels and records. 



8. Top working apple or other orchard trees is good practice. Use the 

 budding and the cleft-grafting methods. When^' new varieties are thus in- 

 serted on trees of bearing age, note the success of the different methods used. 

 Also note the time required to secure fruit on the new twigs. 



QUESTIONS 



1. Compare budding with grafting. 



2. State several principles of propagation by these methods. 



3. Describe shield-budding. 



4. Outline the plan for propagation of peaches by budding. 



5. What stocks are used for propagation of plums? 



6. What are the problems involved in securing stocks for budding? 



7. Describe prong-budding and plate-budding. 



8. Describe flute-budding and chip-budding. 



9. Describe the process of making a tongue-graft. 



10. Outline the plan of propagation of apples by root-grafting. 



11. How are materials and grafts stored during winter? 



12. How are the root grafts set in nursery rows? 



13. Describe cleft-grafting. What are its chief uses? 



14. Give several reasons for topworking apple trees. 



15. How does splice-grafting differ from tongue-grafting? 



16. Describe saddle-grafting and veneer-grafting. 



17. Describe side-grafting. How does the side-grafting cutting method differ 



from this? 



18. How does shield-grafting differ from budding? 



19. Describe inlaying. 



20. Give directions for making grafting wax. 



References.— U. S. Farmers' Bulletins: 157, Propagation of Plants; 

 710, Bridge Grafting. Nursery Manual, Bailey, Macmillan Company; Produc- 

 tive Orcharding, Sears, J. B. Lippincott Company; American Apple Orchard 

 American Peach Orchard, Plums and Plum Culture, Waugh Orange Judd 

 Company. ' 6 



