THE ONION GROUP 91 



In middle or late summer they are transplanted to the open garden 

 during favorable weather, when the soil is very moist. 



They will endure a considerable amount of autumn frost and 

 may remain out until the ground begins freezing. 



Included in these groups are: (1) celery, (2) celeriac or turnip- 

 rooted celery, (3) late cabbage, (4) Brussels sprouts, (5) broccoli, 



(6) late cauliflower. In the southern states late head lettuce may 

 be treated in like manner. 



Spring Greens that Endure Summer Heat. — A number of 

 salad plants and greens may be started in very early spring and yet 

 will endure summer heat fairly well. (1) Endive, (2) parsley, (3) 

 upland cress, (4) Swiss chard, (5) borecole or kale, (6) collards, 



(7) New Zealand spinach, (8) dandelions. 



Fig. 63. — A flat of young early cabbage plants one week after transplanting. (Illinois 



Station.) 



Root Crops and Tubers. — These are of three classes: (1) Those 

 which can be grown in a very short time in early spring, as radish 

 and white turnip. Kohl-rabi and rutabaga may also be considered 

 in this group, but they will extend more into the summer which 

 they endure rather poorly. 



(2) Those that endure spring cold and summer heat very well, 

 as beets, sugar beets, mangels, carrots, Irish potatoes, and Jeru- 

 salem artichokes. 



(3) Those that endure spring cold, summer heat, and also 

 stand the winter freezing of the mature crop, as salsify, parsnip, 

 and horse-radish. 



The onion group will stand the spring frosts and also the sum- 

 mer heat. This group includes true onions, garlic, leeks, and shal- 



