198 



ENEMIES OF THE APPLE, PEAR, AND QUINCE 



clusters are formed around the twigs of the trees and may be seen 

 in winter when there are no leaves on the trees. These may be 

 pruned off and destroyed. In the spring when the eggs hatch the 

 young soon form webs as homes, from which they make attacks on 

 the leaf growth. 



The web may be burned with torches of kerosene on long poles. 



Many caterpillars may 

 thus be destroyed with 

 a minimum of injury 

 to the tree. 



Another remedy is 

 to spray the tree all 

 over with arsenical 

 poison, such as arsen- 

 ate of lead. This will 

 poison the larva> when 

 they are seeking their 

 food. 



Apple Scab. — Prob- 

 ably the worst disease 

 of the apple is apple 

 scab. This fungous 

 growth attacks the 

 leaves, small twigs and 

 the young fruits them- 

 selves (Fig. 124). The 

 scabby appearance 

 formed on the fruit 

 gives origin to the 

 name. The disease 

 lives in the form of 

 spores on the trees and 

 in the rubbish under 

 the trees from one sea- 

 son to another. 



Remedies. — The winter spraying for San Jos€ scale described 

 under the head of peach growing in the next chapter will destroy 

 many of the winter spores of the scab disease. 



The orchard should again be sprayed with lime-sulfur or Bor- 

 deaux mixture about the time when the buds are opening and 

 before the blossoms are open. 



M 



r 





Fig. 123. — Netting around the baBe of tree to protect 

 from mice, rabbits, etc. (Indiana Station.) 



